1636

1636 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1636; MDCXXXVI
Ab urbe condita	2389
Armenian calendar	1085; ԹՎ ՌՁԵ
Assyrian calendar	6386
Balinese saka calendar	1557–1558
Bengali calendar	1043
Berber calendar	2586
English Regnal year	11 Cha. 1 – 12 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar	2180
Burmese calendar	998
Byzantine calendar	7144–7145
Chinese calendar	乙亥年 (Wood Pig); 4333 or 4126; — to —; 丙子年 (Fire Rat); 4334 or 4127
Coptic calendar	1352–1353
Discordian calendar	2802
Ethiopian calendar	1628–1629
Hebrew calendar	5396–5397
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1692–1693
- Shaka Samvat	1557–1558
- Kali Yuga	4736–4737
Holocene calendar	11636
Igbo calendar	636–637
Iranian calendar	1014–1015
Islamic calendar	1045–1046
Japanese calendar	Kan'ei 13; (寛永１３年)
Javanese calendar	1557–1558
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3969
Minguo calendar	276 before ROC; 民前276年
Nanakshahi calendar	168
Thai solar calendar	2178–2179
Tibetan calendar	阴木猪年; (female Wood-Pig); 1762 or 1381 or 609; — to —; 阳火鼠年; (male Fire-Rat); 1763 or 1382 or 610

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century; 17th century ; 18th century;
Decades:	1610s; 1620s; 1630s ; 1640s; 1650s;
Years:	1633; 1634; 1635; 1636 ; 1637; 1638; 1639;

1636 (MDCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1636th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 636th year of the 2nd millennium, the 36th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1636, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.
January 18 – The Duke's Mistress, the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance.
February 21 – Al Walid ben Zidan, Sultan of Morocco, is assassinated by French renegades.
February 26 – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as King Alvaro VI of Kongo, in the area now occupied by the African nation of Angola, and rules until his death on February 22, 1641.
March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.
March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.^[1]
March 26 – Utrecht University is founded in the Dutch Republic.

April–June

April 30 – Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
May 14 – William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Agawam Plantation (now Springfield, Massachusetts) in territory controlled by the Agawam people, a subset of the Algonquian peoples, and negotiate for its purchase for Britain's Connecticut Colony.^[2] The Agawams deed the land to Connecticut on July 15, and the area is later deeded by Connecticut to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
June 20 – Roger Williams and other Puritan settlers become founders of the colony of Providence Plantations, which later joins neighbouring territory to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The area today is the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
June 22 – The Battle of Tornavento is fought in north-west Italy in the course of the Thirty Years' War, as France and Savoy respond to an attack by Spain. While the battle is a stalemate, the city of Castano Primo is heavily damaged.

July–September

July 10 – The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.^[3]
July 20 – The Pequot War begins in New England when John Oldham and several of his crew are killed when his ship is attacked and robbed, apparently by allies of the Narragansett Indians at Block Island.^[4]
July 30 – In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.^[5]
August 15 – The Spanish besiege Corbie, France.
August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.
September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in the United States.^[6]

October–December

October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.
November 5 – English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber.^[7]
December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

Date unknown

Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.^[8]
Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).
The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.
The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.
The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.

Births

October–December

October 6 – George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg, Count of Erbach and Breuberg (1653) (d. 1653)
October 15 – John Strangways, English politician (d. 1676)
October 23 – Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1715)
October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1679)
November 1 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)^[9]
November 2 – Edward Colston, Bristol-born English slave trader (d. 1721)
November 6
- Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
- Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, wife of Ferdinand Maria (d. 1676)
November 11 – Yan Ruoqu, Chinese scholar (d. 1704)
November 14 – Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (d. 1706)
November 30
- Johannes Fabritius, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
- Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter (d. 1672)^[10]
December 1 – Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, British countess (d. 1718)
December 23 – Gregório de Matos, Brazilian poet and lawyer (d. 1696)
December 26 – Justine Siegemund, German writer (d. 1705)
December 27 – William Whitelock, English gentleman, Member of Parliament (d. 1717)

date unknown

Mary Rowlandson, American author and captive during King Philip's War (d. 1711)
George Etherege, English playwright (d. 1692)

Deaths

January 11 – Dodo Knyphausen, Swedish military leader (b. 1583)
January 16 – Queen Inyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1594)
January 19 – Daniel Schwenter, German Orientalist (b. 1585)
January 26 – Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat (b. 1552)
February 13 – Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (b. 1584)
February 16 – Tokuhime, Japanese noble (b. 1559)
February 22 – Santorio Santorio, Italian physician (b. 1561)
March 11 – Christoph Grienberger, Austrian astronomer (b. 1561)
March 24 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (b. 1564)
April 6 – Philipp Uffenbach, German artist (b. 1566)
April 18 – Julius Caesar, English judge (b. c.1557)
April 23 – John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1590)
May 23 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (b. 1599)
June 7 – Frederik Coning, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)
June 9 – Antoine de Paule, French-born 56th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c.1551)
June 13 – George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (b. 1562)
June 21 – Justus de Harduwijn, Dutch Catholic priest and poet (b. 1582)
June 27 – Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (b. 1567)
July – Elijah Loans, rabbi and kabbalist (b. 1555)
July 20 – Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (b. 1589)
August 6 – Countess Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1568)
August 8 – Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt (1627–1636) (b. 1610)
August 25 – Bhai Gurdas, Sikh religious figure (b. 1551)
September 6 – Paul Stockmann, German hymnwriter (b. 1603)
September 17 – Stefano Maderno, Italian sculptor (b. 1576)
September 19 – Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop (b. 1570)
October 1 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (b. 1568)
October 11 – Johann Albrecht Adelgrief, German self-proclaimed prophet who was executed for witchcraft
October 19
- Marcin Kazanowski, Polish military leader (b. c. 1564)
- Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, England (1627–1628) (b. 1565)
December 9
- Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer (b. 1566)
- Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter (b. 1592)
December 10 – Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim, Irish leader
December 19 – William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, British baron (b. 1591)
December 22 – Johannes Saeckma, Dutch Golden Age magistrate (b. 1572)
December 27 – Iskandar Muda, Sultan of Aceh (b. 1583)
date unknown – Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau; German-Swedish courtier
- Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (b. 1563)

References

^ "A Short History of Oxford University Press". Oxford University Press. 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
^ Esther M. Swift, West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History (West Springfield Heritage Association, 1969)
^ Simone Luzzatto, Discourse on the State of the Jews (De Gruyter, 2019) p. 257
^ Gabriele Esposito, Armies of Early Colonial North America, 1607–1713: History, Organization and Uniforms (Pen & Sword Books, 2018)
^ Stéphane Thion, French Armies of the Thirty Years' War (LRT Editions, 2013) p. 86
^ Morison, Samuel (1964). Three centuries of Harvard, 1636-1926. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780674888913.
^ "Popes and Guys and Anti-Catholicism", by Justin Champion, in Gunpowder Plots: A Celebration of 400 Years of Bonfire Night, ed. by Antonia Fraser (Penguin, 2005)
^ "Historical Events for Year 1636 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
^ Rogal, Samuel (1991). Calendar of literary facts : a daily and yearly guide to noteworthy events in world literature from 1450 to the present. Detroit: Gale Research. p. 26. ISBN 9780810329430.
^ Sutton, Peter (1994). The golden age of Dutch landscape painting. Madrid: Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza. p. 274. ISBN 9788488474162.

[1] "A Short History of Oxford University Press". Oxford University Press. 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.

[2] Esther M. Swift, West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History (West Springfield Heritage Association, 1969)

[3] Simone Luzzatto, Discourse on the State of the Jews (De Gruyter, 2019) p. 257

[4] Gabriele Esposito, Armies of Early Colonial North America, 1607–1713: History, Organization and Uniforms (Pen & Sword Books, 2018)

[5] Stéphane Thion, French Armies of the Thirty Years' War (LRT Editions, 2013) p. 86

[6] Morison, Samuel (1964). Three centuries of Harvard, 1636-1926. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780674888913.

[7] "Popes and Guys and Anti-Catholicism", by Justin Champion, in Gunpowder Plots: A Celebration of 400 Years of Bonfire Night, ed. by Antonia Fraser (Penguin, 2005)

[8] "Historical Events for Year 1636 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved June 24, 2016.

[9] Rogal, Samuel (1991). Calendar of literary facts : a daily and yearly guide to noteworthy events in world literature from 1450 to the present. Detroit: Gale Research. p. 26. ISBN 9780810329430.

[10] Sutton, Peter (1994). The golden age of Dutch landscape painting. Madrid: Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza. p. 274. ISBN 9788488474162.

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