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Orders of magnitude (temperature)

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Temperature in °C compared to the thermodynamic scale in electron volts, which are also used as a unit of temperature

List of orders of magnitude for temperature

[edit]
See also: Order of magnitude and Temperature
Factor Multiple Item
0 0 K
10−30
 1 qK
10−18
 1 aK
10−15
 1 fK
10−12
 1 pK
  • 38 pK, lowest laboratory-produced temperature, achieved through matter-wave lensing of rubidium Bose-Einstein condensates.[1]
  • 450 pK, lowest temperature sodium Bose–Einstein condensate gas ever achieved in the laboratory, at MIT[2]
10−9
 1 nK
10−6
 1 μK
10−3
 1 mK
1
 1 K
101 10 K
102 100 K

See detailed list below

103
 1 kK
104 10 kK
106
 1 MK
109
 1 GK
1012
 1 TK
1015
 1 PK
1018
 1 EK
1021
 1 ZK
1024
 1 YK
1027
 1 RK
  • Everything 10−35 seconds after the Big Bang
1030
 1 QK
1032
 100 QK
1033
 1000 QK
10290
 10260 QK

Detailed list for 100 K to 1000 K

[edit]

Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude. Circumstances where water naturally occurs in liquid form are shown in light grey.

Kelvin Degrees
Celsius		 Degrees
Fahrenheit		 Condition
100 K −173.15 °C −279.67 °F
133 K −140 °C −220  °F Mean on Saturn[13]
133 K to 163 K −140 to −110 °C −220 to −160 °F Typical temperature of a whole-body cryotherapy chamber[14]
163 K −110 °C −166  °F Mean on Jupiter[13]
165 K −108 °C −163 °F Glass point of supercooled water (Debatable)[15]
175.4 K −97.8 °C −144 °F Coldest luminance temperature recorded on Earth (measured remotely by satellite), in Antarctica[16]
183.7 K −89.5 °C −129.1 °F Freezing/melting point of isopropyl alcohol[17]
183.9 K −89.2 °C −128.6 °F Coldest officially recorded air temperature on Earth, at Vostok Station, Antarctica on 1983-07-21 01:45 UTC
192 K −81 °C −114 °F Debye temperature of ice
193 to 203 K −80 to −70 °C −112 to −94 °F Typical temperature of a ULT freezer
194.6 K −78.5 °C −109.3 °F Sublimation point of carbon dioxide (dry ice)
203.55 K −69.6 °C −93.3 °F Coldest officially recorded air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere at Klinck AWS, Greenland (Denmark) on 1991-12-22[18]
205.5 K −67.7 °C −89.9 °F Coldest officially recorded air temperature on the Eurasian continent at Oymyakon, USSR on 1933-02-06[19]
210 K −63 °C −80 °F Mean on Mars
214.9 K –58.3 °C –72.9 °F Coldest annual mean temperature on Earth, at Dome Argus, Antarctica[20]
223.15 K −50 °C −58 °F Mean on Earth during Snowball Earth[21] around 650 million years ago
224.8 K −48.4 °C −55.0 °F Coldest temperature that water can remain a liquid (see supercooling)
225 K −48 °C −55 °F Freezing/melting point of cottonseed oil[22]
233.15 K −40 °C −40 °F Intersecting point of the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales
Skin may freeze almost instantly at or below this temperature[23]
234.3 K −38.83 °C −37.89 °F Freezing/melting point of mercury
240.4 K −32.8 °C −27.0 °F Coldest air temperature recorded in South America, at Sarmiento, Argentina on 1907-06-01[24]
246 K −27 °C −17 °F Approximate average yearly temperature on Mount Everest[25]
249 K –24 °C –11 °F Freezing/melting point of flax seed oil[22]
249.3 K –23.9 °C –11.0 °F Coldest air temperature recorded in Africa, at Ifrane, Morocco on 1935-02-11[24]
250 K –23 °C –9 °F Coldest air temperature recorded in Australia, at Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia on 1994-06-29[24]
255.37 K –177⁄9 °C 0 °F Coldest brine-ice solution found by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
255 K –18 °C 0 °F Freezing/melting point of almond oil[22]
Typical temperature of a household freezer[26]
256 K –17 °C 1 °F Freezing/melting point of sunflower oil[22]
256 K –17 °C 2 °F Freezing/melting point of safflower oil[22]
257 K –16 °C 3 °F Freezing/melting point of soybean oil[22]
262 K −11 °C 12 °F Freezing/melting point of corn oil[22]
263.15 K –10 °C 14 °F Freezing/melting point of canola oil[22]
Freezing/melting point of grape seed oil[22]
265 K –8 °C 18 °F White frost can form below this temperature (see frost)
Freezing/melting point of hemp seed oil[22]
265.8 K –7.2 °C 19 °F Freezing/melting point of bromine
267 K –6 °C 21 °F Freezing/melting point of olive oil[22]
Freezing/melting point of sesame oil[22]
271.15 K −2 °C 28.4 °F Average freezing/melting point of oceans, the salinity is around 3.47%.[27][28]
273.14 K -0.01 °C 31.98 °F Maximum temperature of an object causing frostbite
273.15 K 0.00 °C 32.00 °F Freezing/melting point of fresh water (at 1 atm pressure)
273.16 K 0.01 °C 32.02 °F Triple point of fresh water
276 K 3 °C 37 °F Freezing/melting point of peanut oil[29]
277 K 3.85 °C 39 °F Typical temperature of a household refrigerator
277.13 K 3.98 °C 39.16 °F Water is at maximum density[30]
279.8 K 6.67 °C 44 °F Threshold of skin numbness if skin reaches this temperature
283.2 K 10 °C 50 °F Minimum temperature for most plant growth (see Growing degree-day)
286.9 K 12.7 °C 54.9 °F Coldest body temperature of a human that survived accidental hypothermia (a 2-year-old boy in Racławice, Poland, on November 30, 2014)[31][32]
287.6 K 14.44 °C 58 °F Cold threshold of pain if skin reaches this temperature
288 K 15 °C 59 °F Mean on Earth
291.6 K 18.4 °C 65.1 °F Hottest temperature in Antarctica, recorded on 2020 February 6 at the Esperanza Base[33]
294 K 21 °C 70 °F Commonly defined value for room temperature
296 K 23 °C 73 °F Mean on Earth during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum[34] about 55.8 million years ago
297 K 24 °C 75 °F Melting/freezing point of palm kernel oil[22]
298 K 25 °C 77 °F Melting/freezing point of coconut oil[22]
300 K 27 °C 81 °F Thermoneutral temperature of an unclothed human at rest[35][36]
Estimated melting/freezing point of francium
302.9 K 29.8 °C 85.6 °F Melting/freezing point of gallium
303.15 K 30 °C 86 °F The rate of plant growth is typically no greater above this temperature than at this temperature. (see Growing degree-day)
304 K 31 °C 88 °F Melting/freezing point of butter, critical point for carbon dioxide
307 K 34 °C 93 °F Autoignition temperature of white phosphorus
307.6 K 34.4 °C 93.9 °F Hottest annual mean temperature on Earth, at Dallol, Ethiopia[20]
308 K 35 °C 95 °F Hypothermic body temperature for humans (see Hypothermia)
Warmest sea measured, at the Red Sea
Melting/freezing point of palm oil[22]
309.5 K 36.4 °C 97.5 °F Average body temperature for a human[37]
311.03 K 37.87 °C 100.2 °F Beginnings of a fever for humans
311.8 K 38.6 °C 101.5 °F Average body temperature for a cat[38]
313.15 K 40 °C 104 °F Maximum standard temperature recommended for hot tub users[39]
315 K 42 °C 108 °F Usually fatal human fever
317.6 K 44.44 °C 112 °F Hot threshold of pain if skin reaches this temperature
319.7 K 46.5 °C 115.7 °F Highest human fever survived (Willie Jones)[40]
321.45 K 48.3 °C 119 °F World's hottest air temperature recorded while raining, at Imperial, California, USA on July 24, 2018[41]
322.1 K 48.9 °C 120.0 °F Hottest air temperature recorded in South America, at Rivadavia, Argentina on 1905-12-11[24]
Maximum safe temperature for hot water according to numeric U.S. plumbing codes[42]
Water will cause a second-degree burn after 8 minutes and a third-degree burn after 10 minutes[42]
323.14 K 49.99 °C 121.99 °F Half-way point between freezing and boiling
323.9 K 50.7 °C 123.3 °F Hottest air temperature recorded in the Southern Hemisphere, at Oodnadatta, Australia on 1960-02-01[24]
329.87 K 56.7 °C 134.1 °F Hottest measured air temperature on Earth, in Death Valley at Furnace Creek, Inyo County, California, United States of America on 10 July 1913.[43]
333.15 K 60 °C 140 °F Water will cause a second-degree burn in 3 seconds and a third-degree burn in 5 seconds[42]
Average temperature of a hair dryer
336 K 63 °C 145.4 °F Milk pasteurization
342 K 69 °C 157 °F Boiling point of water on the summit of Mount Everest[44]
343.15 K 70 °C 158 °F Food is well done
Hot springs at which some bacteria thrive[45]
350 K 77 °C 170 °F Poaching of food
351.52 K 78.37 °C 173.07 °F Boiling point of ethanol
353.15 K 80 °C 176 °F Average temperature of a sauna
355 K 82 °C 180 °F Recommended final rinse temperature in industrial-grade commercial dishwashers[46]
355.6 K 82.4 °C 180.3 °F Boiling point of isopropyl alcohol[17]
366 K 93 °C 200 °F Simmering of food
367 K 94 °C 201 °F Hottest ground temperature recorded on Earth at Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California, USA on 1972-07-15[47]
371 K 98 °C 209 °F Freezing/melting point of sodium
373.13 K 99.98 °C 211.97 °F Boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure (see Celsius)
380 K 107 °C 225 °F Smoke point of raw safflower oil
Syrup is concentrated to 75% sugar
388 K 115 °C 239 °F Melting/freezing point of sulfur
400 K 127 °C 260 °F Concorde nose tip during supersonic flight
Coldest known stars in space (approximate temperature)[48]
433.15 K 160 °C 320 °F Syrup is concentrated to 100% sugar
Sucrose (table sugar) caramelizes
450 K 177 °C 350 °F Mean on Mercury
Smoke point of butter
Deep frying
453.15 K 180 °C 356 °F Popcorn pops
483 K 210 °C 410 °F Autoignition (kindling) point of diesel fuel
491 K 218 °C 425 °F Kindling point of paper
519 K 246 °C 475 °F Kindling point of automotive gasoline
522 K 249 °C 480 °F Kindling point of jet fuel (Jet A/Jet A-1)[49]
525 K 252 °C 485 °F Smoke point of milkfat
Kindling point of jet fuel (Jet B)[49]
538 K 265 °C 510 °F Smoke point of refined safflower oil
574.5875 K 301.4375 °C 574.5875 °F Intersecting point of the Fahrenheit and Kelvin temperature scales
600.65 K 327.5 °C 621.5 °F Melting/freezing point of lead
647 K 374 °C 705 °F Critical point of superheated water
693 K 419 °C 787 °F Melting/freezing point of zinc
723.15 K 450 °C 842 °F Kindling point of aviation gasoline[49]
738 K 465 °C 870 °F Mean on Venus
749 K 476 °C 889 °F Kindling point of magnesium
773.15 K 500 °C 932 °F Oven on self-cleaning mode
798 K 525 °C 977 °F Draper Point (the point at which nearly all objects start to glow dim red)[50]
858 K 585 °C 1085 °F Kindling point of hydrogen[51]
933.47 K 660.32 °C 1220.58 °F Melting/freezing point of aluminium
1000 K 726.85 °C 1340.33 °F

Detailed list from 0 K to 142 QK -273.15 Celsius Absolute Zero, nothing can get colder than this -272.15 Celsius Boomerang Nebula -270 Celsius Outer Space -269 boiling point of helium -259 freezing point of hydrogen -253 condensation point of hydrogen -241 average temperature on Haumea -235 average temperature on Triton

SI multiples

[edit]
SI multiples of kelvin (K)
Submultiples Multiples
Value SI symbol Name Value SI symbol Name
10−1 K dK decikelvin 101 K daK decakelvin
10−2 K cK centikelvin 102 K hK hectokelvin
10−3 K mK millikelvin 103 K kK kilokelvin
10−6 K μK microkelvin 106 K MK megakelvin
10−9 K nK nanokelvin 109 K GK gigakelvin
10−12 K pK picokelvin 1012 K TK terakelvin
10−15 K fK femtokelvin 1015 K PK petakelvin
10−18 K aK attokelvin 1018 K EK exakelvin
10−21 K zK zeptokelvin 1021 K ZK zettakelvin
10−24 K yK yoctokelvin 1024 K YK yottakelvin
10−27 K rK rontokelvin 1027 K RK ronnakelvin
10−30 K qK quectokelvin 1030 K QK quettakelvin

References

[edit]
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[edit]
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