Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
| Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis |
 | |
| Full resolution of opacities. From Hasanreisoglu and Avisar, 2008.[1] | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology  |
Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy (TSPK) is a disease of the eyes. The causes of TSPK are not currently known, but details of the disease were first published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1950 by American ophthalmologist Phillips Thygeson (1903–2002), after whom it is named.[2]
Symptoms and signs
[edit]A patient with TSPK may complain of blurred vision, dry eyes, a sensation of having a foreign body stuck in the eye, photophobia (sensitivity to bright light), burning sensations and watery eyes. On inspection with a slit lamp, tiny lumps can be found on the cornea of the eye. These lumps can be more easily seen after applying fluorescein or rose Bengal dye eye-drops. The lumps appear to be randomly positioned on the cornea and they may appear and disappear over a period of time (with or without treatment).
TSPK may affect one or both eyes. When both eyes are affected, the tiny lumps found on the cornea may differ in number between eyes. The severity of the symptoms often vary during the course of the disease. The disease may appear to go into remission, only to later reappear after months or years.
Causes
[edit]The causes of TSPK are not yet well known.[3]
Diagnosis
[edit]There are no proposed diagnostic criteria for TSPK, but its diagnostic features are "(1) the presence of bilateral punctate epithelial keratitis; (2) a chronic course with exacerbations and remissions; (3) healing without scar formation; (4) no response to antibiotics; and (5) a striking symptomatic response to topical corticosteroids."[4]
Treatment
[edit]There are a number of different treatments to deal with TSPK. Symptoms may disappear if untreated, but treatment may decrease both the healing time and the chances of remission.[citation needed]
- Artificial tear eye-drops or ointments may be a suitable treatment for mild cases.
- Low-dosage steroidal eye-drops, such as prednisone, fluorometholone, loteprednol (Lotemax 0.5%) or rimexolone. Steroidal drops should be used with caution[5] and the eye pressure should be regularly checked during treatment.
- Soft contact lenses.
- Ciclosporin is an experimental treatment for TSPK. It is usually used during transplants as it reduces the immune system response.
- Tacrolimus (Protopic 0.03% ointment) is also an experimental treatment.
- Laser eye treatment.[6]
- Amniotic membrane (Case Study)[7]
- PRK laser eye surgery has been suggested in a one-person case study as having cured this disease.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Hasanreisoglu M, Avisar R (December 2008). "Long-term topical cyclosporin A therapy in Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis: a case report". Cases Journal. 1 (1): 415. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-415. PMC 2636787. PMID 19105827.
- ^ Thygeson P (December 1950). "Superficial punctate keratitis". Journal of the American Medical Association. 144 (18): 1544–1549. doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02920180008004. PMID 14794375.
- ^ Priyadarshini SR, Roy A, Das S (April 2021). "Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy: A review and case series". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 69 (4): 806–811. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1624_20. PMC 8012948. PMID 33727439.
- ^ Tang XJ, Liu Q, Pi LH, Chen XK, Chen L (January 2021). "Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK): a paediatric case report and review of the literature". BMC Ophthalmology. 21 (1): 64. doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01790-6. PMC 7845125. PMID 33514353.
- ^ Tanzer DJ, Smith RE (November 1999). "Superficial punctate keratitis of thygeson: the longest course on record?". Cornea. 18 (6): 729–730. doi:10.1097/00003226-199911000-00017. PMID 10571306.
- ^ Noble J, Boerman H, Jiang W, Martén L, McCormick GJ, Pepose JS, Solomon R, Yeu E (June 2007). "Peer-Reviewed Literature: The Treatment of Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis". Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today: 21–23.
- ^ Kobayashi A, Yoshita T, Sugiyama K, Miyashita K, Niida Y, Koizumi S, Tseng SC (January 2006). "Amniotic membrane transplantation in acute phase of toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe corneal involvement". Ophthalmology. 113 (1): 126–132. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.09.001. PMID 16324747.
- ^ Goldstein MH, Feistmann JA, Bhatti MT (October 2002). "PRK-pTK as a treatment for a patient with Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy". The CLAO Journal. 28 (4): 172–173. doi:10.1097/01.ICL.0000024359.29208.59 (inactive 2024-09-12). PMID 12394540. S2CID 23076934.
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