Jump to content

Euronext

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Euronext N.V.
Company typePublic
Euronext Paris: ENX
CAC Next 20 Component
ISINNL0006294274
IndustryFinancial services
Founded1285; 739 years ago (1285) (as Huis ter Beurze)
1602; 422 years ago (1602) (as Amsterdam Stock Exchange)
1724; 300 years ago (1724) (as Paris Bourse)
22 September 2000; 24 years ago (2000-09-22) (present consortium)[1][2][3][4]
HeadquartersParis, France
(operational headquarters)
Amsterdam, Netherlands
(registered office)
Key people
Stéphane Boujnah[5] (CEO & chairman of the Managing Board)
Revenue884,300,000 Euro (2020) Edit this on Wikidata
Number of employees
2,300 (2023) Edit this on Wikidata
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.euronext.com

Euronext N.V. (short for European New Exchange Technology)[6] is a European bourse that provides trading and post-trade services for a range of financial instruments.

Traded assets include regulated equities, exchange-traded funds (ETF), warrants and certificates, bonds, derivatives, commodities, foreign exchange as well as indices. In December 2021, it had nearly 2,000 listed issuers worth €6.9 trillion in market capitalisation.[7] Euronext is the largest center for debt and funds listings in the world, and provides technology and managed services to third parties. In addition to its main regulated market, it operates Euronext Growth and Euronext Access, providing access to listing for small and medium-sized enterprises. Euronext's commodity market includes the electric power exchange Nord Pool, as well as Fish Pool.

Post-trade services include clearing performed by Euronext's multi-asset clearing house, Euronext Clearing, headquartered in Rome, as well as custody and settlement performed by Euronext's central securities depository (CSD), Euronext Securities.

Euronext is registered in Amsterdam but its operational headquarters are located in Paris.[8] It operates major stock exchanges in seven countries: France (Euronext Paris), the Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam), Belgium (Euronext Brussels), Ireland (Euronext Dublin), Portugal (Euronext Lisbon), Italy (Borsa Italiana) and Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs).

Euronext traces its origins back to the world's first bourses, formed in the Low Countries' shifting trade centres, Bruges, Antwerp and Amsterdam in 1285, 1485 and 1602, respectively, as well as to the foundation of the Paris Bourse in 1724. In its present form, Euronext was established in September 2000 through the merger of the bourses in Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris. The goal was to create a single, integrated, and liquid market for securities trading across Europe. Since its inception, Euronext has continued to expand, and now operates stock exchanges in several European countries, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, Ireland, and Norway. Its creation was followed by the introduction of the single currency and harmonisation of financial markets.

The present day Euronext was spun off from the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in 2014,[9] shortly after ICE's acquisition of NYSE Euronext the year before.

On 23 August 2023, the company formed EuroCTP as a joint venture with 13 other bourses, in an effort to provide a consolidated tape for the European Union, as part of the Capital Markets Union proposed by the European Commission.

Operations

[edit]

Trading services

[edit]

Equity

[edit]
The trading floor at Euronext's registered office in Amsterdam

Listing of Euro Stoxx 50 companies as of 2021:[10]

  Euronext: 28 (56%)
  Deutsche Börse (FWB/Xetra): 12 (23%)
  SIX: 6 (12%)
  Other (9%)
class=notpageimage|
Euronext's local listing venues

Euronext operates its main regulated market, as well two types of multilateral trading facilities (MTFs) providing access to listing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), titled Euronext Growth and Euronext Access.

Euronext maintains a single order book at its proprietary market platform Optiq.[11]

Euronext markets (September 2020)[12]
Topology EU regulated Multilateral trading facilities
Market Euronext Euronext Growth Euronext Access
Number of issuers 776 229 180
Avg. valuation at initial
public offering (€m) 		Size 278.1 22.8 0.1
Market cap. 5,514 97 51
Availability at listing venues (operating market identifier code)
Amsterdam Yes XAMS No No
Brussels Yes XBRU Yes ALXB Yes MLXB
Lisbon Yes XLIS Yes ALXL Yes ENXL
Dublin Yes XMSM Yes XESM No
Milan Yes XMIL Yes EXGM No
Oslo Yes XOSL Yes MERK No
Paris Yes XPAR Yes ALXP Yes XMLI

Euronext manages various country (national), as well as pan-European regional and sector and strategy indices.[13]

Flagship indices managed by Euronext[13]
Name Symbol Trading Currency
European
European Union Euronext 100 N100 EUR
National
Netherlands AEX AEX EUR
Belgium BEL 20 BEL20 EUR
France CAC 40 PX1 EUR
Republic of Ireland ISEQ 20 ISEQ20 EUR
Italy FTSE MIB MIB EUR
Portugal PSI 20 PSI20 EUR
Norway OBX 25 OBX NOK

Foreign exchange

[edit]

Euronext FX is a global foreign exchange trading platform, known as FastMatch until 2019.

Commodities

[edit]

Euronext offers trading in a number of commodities, including:

  • Electric power: Nord Pool
  • Salmon futures: Fish Pool
  • Milling wheat
  • Rapeseed
  • Corn
  • Durum wheat
  • Wood pellets

Derivatives

[edit]

Euronext operates derivatives markets.

Debt and funds listings

[edit]

Euronext is the largest centre for debt and funds listings in the world.

Exchange-traded funds

[edit]

Euronext's product range also includes exchange-traded funds.

Warrants and certificates

[edit]

Bonds

[edit]

Post-trade services

[edit]

Central securities depository

[edit]
Main article: Euronext Securities

Euronext provides custody and settlement services through its central securities depository (CSD), Euronext Securities, based on Euronext's ownership of previous national CSDs in Denmark, Italy, Norway and Portugal.

Clearing

[edit]
Main article: Euronext Clearing

Between 2016 and 2019 Euronext owned a 20% share in European Central Counterparty N.V. (EuroCCP).[14][15]

As of December 2019, Euronext owns an 11.1% share in LCH SA.

As part of its acquisition of the Italian Bourse in 2021, Euronext obtained the multi-asset clearing house Cassa di Compensazione e Garanzia S.p.A. (CC&G). CC&G was renamed Euronext Clearing.

Corporate Services

[edit]
Main article: Euronext Corporate Services

Euronext Corporate Services (ECS) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Euronext. Founded in 2016, ECS provides solutions and services to more than 4,000 organisations, ranging from corporates to the public sector.

It has acquired a number of companies, including Company Webcast (webcasting)[citation needed], iBabs (board portal),[16] InsiderLog (compliance software)[citation needed].

Financial information

[edit]
(amounts in millions)
Year[17] Revenue EBITDA Net result
2014 €458,5 €225,4 €118,2
2015 €518,5 €283,8 €172,7
2016 €496,4 €283,9 €197,0
2017 €532,3 €297,8 €241,3
2018 €615,0 €354,3 €216,0
2019 €679,1 €399,4 €222,0
2020 €884,3 €520,0 €315,5
2021 €1298,7 €752,8 €413,3
2022 €1418,8 €861,6 €437,8

History

[edit]

Background: Exchange companies that merged into Euronext

[edit]
Main articles: Euronext Amsterdam, Brussels Stock Exchange, Euronext Paris, Euronext Lisbon, Euronext Dublin, Oslo Stock Exchange, and Borsa Italiana
See also: Exchange (organized market) § History

2000–2007: Founding merger and early acquisitions

[edit]
Logo used between 2000 and 2007

In 1998, the London Stock Exchange and Deutsche Börse announced their intention of forming an alliance to fend off competition from the United States, and take advantage from the European Union's (EU) single currency and harmonisation of financial markets.[18] In April 1999 the stock exchanges in Paris, Zurich, Madrid, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Milan signed a memorandum of understanding in Madrid, which formalised plans to include these bourses as well.

Ultimately, only three decided to proceed, and on 22 September 2000 Euronext was formed following a merger of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange,[19] Brussels Stock Exchange, and Paris Bourse.[1][2][3][4]

In 2001, Euronext became a listed company itself after completing its initial public offering.[20][21]

In December 2001, Euronext acquired the shares of the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE), forming Euronext.LIFFE.

In 2002, the group merged with the Portuguese stock exchange Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa e Porto (BVLP), renamed Euronext Lisbon.[3]

In 2003, Euronext cash products were integrated onto a single platform (NSC).[22]

In 2004, Euronext derivatives products were integrated onto LIFFE CONNECT.

In 2005, Euronext introduced Alternext as a market segment to help finance small and mid-class companies in the Eurozone.

2007–2014: Merger with the New York Stock Exchange and acquisition by Intercontinental Exchange

[edit]
Main article: NYSE Euronext
Logo of NYSE Euronext from 2007 to 2012, based on NYSE's previous logo
Logo used by NYSE Euronext from 2012 to 2014, which apart from "NYSE" was kept by the spun-off Euronext. Designed by Interbrand, the logo depicts a pixelated globe.[23]

Due to apparent moves by NASDAQ to acquire the London Stock Exchange[24] or Euronext itself,[25] NYSE Group, owner of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), offered €8 billion (US$10.2b) in cash and shares for Euronext on 22 May 2006, outbidding a rival offer for the European Stock exchange operator from Deutsche Börse, the German stock market.[26] Contrary to statements that it would not raise its bid, on 23 May 2006, Deutsche Börse unveiled a merger bid for Euronext, valuing the pan-European exchange at €8.6 billion (US$11b), €600 million over NYSE Group's initial bid.[27] Despite this, NYSE Group and Euronext penned a merger agreement, subject to shareholder vote and regulatory approval. The initial regulatory response by SEC chief Christopher Cox (who was coordinating heavily with European counterparts) was positive, with an expected approval by the end of 2007.[28]

Deutsche Börse dropped out of the bidding for Euronext on 15 November 2006, removing the last major hurdle for the NYSE Euronext transaction. A run-up of NYSE Group's stock price in late 2006 made the offering far more attractive to Euronext's shareholders.[29] On 19 December 2006, Euronext shareholders approved the transaction with 98.2% of the vote. Only 1.8% voted in favour of the Deutsche Börse offer. Jean-François Théodore, the chief executive officer of Euronext, stated that they expected the transaction to close within three or four months.[30] Some of the regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the merger had already given approval. NYSE Group shareholders gave their approval on 20 December 2006.[31] The merger was completed on 4 April 2007, forming NYSE Euronext.

The new firm, NYSE Euronext, was headquartered in New York City, with European operations and its trading platform run out of Paris. Then-NYSE CEO John Thain, who was to head NYSE Euronext, intended to use the combination to form the world's first global stock market, with continuous trading of stocks and derivatives over a 21-hour time span. In addition, the two exchanges hoped to add Borsa Italiana (the Milan stock exchange) into the grouping.

In 2008 and 2009 Deutsche Börse made two unsuccessful attempts to merge with NYSE Euronext. Both attempts did not enter into advanced steps of merger.[32][33] In 2011, Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext confirmed that they were in advanced merger talks. Such a merger would create the largest exchange in history.[34] The deal was approved by shareholders of NYSE Euronext on 7 July 2011,[28] and Deutsche Börse on 15 July 2011[35] and won the antitrust approved by the US regulators on 22 December 2011.[36] On 1 February 2012, the deal was blocked by European Commission on the grounds that the new company would have resulted in a quasi-monopoly in the area of European financial derivatives traded globally on exchanges.[37][38] Deutsche Börse unsuccessfully appealed this decision.[39][40]

In 2012, Euronext announced the creation of Euronext London to offer listing facilities in the UK. As such, Euronext received in June 2014 Recognized Investment Exchange (RIE) status from Britain's Financial Conduct Authority.[41]

On 20 December 2012, the boards of directors of both Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) and the NYSE Euronext approved an $8 billion acquisition of NYSE Euronext. Under the terms shareholders of NYSE would receive either $33.12 in cash for each share or .2581 IntercontinentalExchange Inc. shares, or a combination of $11.27 in cash per share plus .1703 shares of stock.[42] The acquisition is subject to regulator approval, though since the operations of ICE and NYSE have little in common—ICE is largely devoted to trading commodities, as opposed to NYSE's business of trading stocks and securities—the deal is not expected to be blocked.[43] ICE said that after the deal closed it would sell the Euronext portion of the company, including stock exchanges in Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris.[44] The deal went through and Euronext is a sister division to NYSE and part of ICE. ICE CEO Jeffrey Sprecher would continue in that position at the combined company, while NYSE CEO Duncan Niederauer would serve as president.[43] The future of the New York Stock Exchange's historic trading floor under ICE has not been announced. ICE closed the high profile and historic trading floors of its other earlier acquisitions, the International Petroleum Exchange and the New York Board of Trade in New York.[45]

In December 2012 Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) announced plans to acquire NYSE Euronext, owner of Euronext, in an $8.2 billion takeover.[46]

In May 2013, Euronext established Enternext as a subsidiary to help small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) listed on Euronext outline and apply a strategy most suited to support their growth.[47][48]

The ICE's deal was approved by the shareholders of NYSE Euronext and Intercontinental Exchange on 3 June 2013.[49][50][51] The European Commission approved the acquisition on 24 June 2013[52] and on 15 August 2013 the US regulator, SEC, granted approval of the acquisition.[53][54][55] European regulators and ministries of Finance of the participating countries approved the deal and on 13 November 2013 the acquisition was completed.[56][57]

2014–present: Spin-off from ICE and subsequent development

[edit]
Shareholders as of 28 May 2021. The reference shareholders are:[58]

Part of ICE's deal to acquire NYSE Euronext was a spin-off for Euronext, which was considered a positive element for European stakeholders.[56] After a complex series of operations, this occurred on 20 June 2014, through an initial public offering (IPO).[59] The former Euronext.LIFFE was retained by ICE and renamed ICE Futures Europe. In order to stabilise Euronext, a consortium of eleven investors decided to invest in the company as "reference shareholders". These investors owned 33.36% of Euronext's capital and have a 3 years lockup period: Euroclear, BNP Paribas, BNP Paribas Fortis, Société Générale, Caisse des Dépôts, BPI France, ABN Amro, ASR, Banco Espirito Santo, Banco BPI and Belgian holding public company Belgian Federal Holding and Investment Company [fr] (SFPI/FPIM).[60] They have 3 board seats.

In June 2014, EnterNext launched two initiatives to boost SME equity research and support the technology sector. EnterNext partnered with Morningstar to increase equity research focusing on mid-size companies, especially in the telecommunications, media and technology (TMT) sector.

On 22 September 2014, Euronext announced a partnership with DEGIRO[61] regarding the distribution of retail services of Euronext. Upon publishing the third quarter results for 2014, the partnership was seen as a plan for Euronext to compete more effectively on the Dutch retail segment.[62]

In May 2017, Alternext was renamed to Euronext Growth.[63]

On 14 August 2017, Euronext announced the completion of its acquisition of FastMatch, a currency trading platform.[64]

On 27 March 2018, Euronext announced the completion of its acquisition of the Irish Stock Exchange.[65]

On 18 June 2019, Euronext announced the completion of its acquisition of the Oslo Stock Exchange.[66]

On 5 December 2019, Euronext announced that it would acquire 66% of the European power exchange Nord Pool.[67][68] The acquisition was completed on 15 January 2020.[69]

On 23 April 2020, Euronext announced that it would acquire ca. 70% of the Danish Central Securities Depository, VP Securities.[70] The acquisition was completed on 4 August 2020.[71]

On 18 September 2020, as part of regulatory remedies to see through its $27 billion purchase of data provider Refinitiv, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) entered into exclusive talks to sell the Italian Bourse (formally 100% of London Stock Exchange Group Holdings Italia S.p.A.), situated in Milan, to Euronext.[72][73] As part of the deal, CDP Equity, 100% owned by Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, and Intesa Sanpaolo would become Euronext reference shareholders.[74] A €4.3 bn deal was announced on 9 October. On 29 April 2021, Euronext announced that the acquisition was completed.[75]

On 23 August 2023, Euronext formed EuroCTP as a joint venture with 13 other bourses, in an effort to provide a consolidated tape for the European Union, as part of the Capital Markets Union proposed by the European Commission.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kingdom of the Netherlands-Netherlands: Detailed Assessment of Standards and Codes (Report). Staff Country Reports. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. 29 September 2004. p. 136. IFM Country Report No 04/310. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  2. ^ a b Yutaka, Kurihara; Sadayoshi, Takaya; Nobuyoshi, Yamori (2006). Global Information Technology and Competitive Financial Alliances. Idea Group Inc. (IGI). p. 137. ISBN 9781591408833.
  3. ^ a b c Fabozzi, Frank J., ed. (2008). "Handbook of Finance, Financial Markets and Instruments". Handbook of Finance. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons. p. 143. ISBN 9780470391075. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  4. ^ a b Théodore, Jean-François (22 September 2000). "Birth of Euronext: Speech from Jean-François Théodore, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Euronext". Paris Europlace. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Euronext nominates Santander's Boujnah as new CEO". Financial Times. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  6. ^ Kraaijeveld, Kees (5 May 2000). "iX, ieks of ai-iks?". de Volkskrant. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  7. ^ "Acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group page". Euronext. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Euronext va s'installer à la Défense en 2015". Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  9. ^ Chad Bray (27 May 2014). "IntercontinentalExchange Set to Spin Off Euronext". New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  10. ^ "Euronext on track to complete its Borsa Italiana purchase by June". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Tech Solutions for Exchanges and Venue Operators". Euronext. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Choosing a Market". Euronext. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  13. ^ a b Euronext. "Index Directory Euronext". Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  14. ^ "Euronext closes acquisition of a 20% stake in EuroCCP". Euronext. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  15. ^ "Euronext announces binding agreement to sell its 20% minority stake in EuroCCP". Euronext. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Embracing Tomorrow Together: iBabs' Full Integration with Euronext". iBabs. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Financial reports". Euronext. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  18. ^ "Pan-European Bourse in the Works". Wired. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Amsterdam Stock Exchange". NYSE Euronext. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  20. ^ Pownall, Grace; Maria Vulcheva; Xue Wang (1 March 2013), Creation and Segmentation of the Euronext Stock Exchange and Listed Firms' Liquidity and Accounting Quality: Empirical Evidence, p. 7, archived from the original on 7 April 2014, retrieved 4 April 2014
  21. ^ "Euronext – FXCM". FXCM Insights. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  22. ^ "Log in". Euronext. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  23. ^ Montgomery, Angus (15 May 2012). "Interbrand rebrands NYSE Euronext". Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  24. ^ MacDonald, A.; Manuel, G. (12 December 2006). "Nasdaq Formally Launches Bid for London Stock Exchange". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  25. ^ "Euronext". FXCM UK. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  26. ^ "NYSE and Euronext 'set to merge'". BBC News. 21 May 2006. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2006.
  27. ^ "Deutsche Boerse outbids NYSE for Euronext merger". BBC News. 23 May 2006. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  28. ^ a b Lucchetti, Aaron; Macdonald, Alistair; Scannell, Kara (2 June 2006). "NYSE, Euronext Set Plan to Form A Markets Giant". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  29. ^ Taylor, Edward; Lucchetti, Aaron; Macdonald, Alistair (15 November 2006). "Deutsche Börse Is Exiting Euronext Chase". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  30. ^ Lucchetti, Aaron; Macdonald, Alistair (19 December 2006). "Euronext Shareholders Approve Acquisition by NYSE". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2006.
  31. ^ "Big Board Holders Back Euronext Deal". The New York Times. 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
  32. ^ Grant, Jeremy (6 December 2008). "Deutsche Börse pitches merger with NYSE Euronext". Financial Times. London. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  33. ^ Bunge, Jacob; Launder, William; Lucchetti, Aaron (10 February 2011). "NYSE, Deutsche Börse Talk Tie-Up as Competition Intensifies". The Wall Street Journal. Chicago: Lex Fenwick. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  34. ^ Waller, Martin (8 December 2008). "Talks to create world's biggest exchange". Times Online. London. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  35. ^ Bunge, Jacob (15 July 2011). "Deutsche Börse Wins 82% Backing for NYSE Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Chicago: Lex Fenwick. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  36. ^ Bartz, Diane (11 December 2011). "Deutsche Boerse, NYSE deal wins U.S. approval". Reuters. Washington D.C. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  37. ^ "Mergers: Commission blocks proposed merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext" (Press release). European Commission. 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  38. ^ "NYSE Euronext merger with Deutsche Boerse blocked by EU". BBC News. 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  39. ^ "Deutsche Borse To Appeal EU Veto Of NYSE Euronext". International Business Times. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  40. ^ Fairless, Tom (9 March 2015). "EU Rejects Deutsche Börse Appeal Against Blocked Merger With NYSE-Euronext". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  41. ^ "Euronext UK secures RIE status". FTSE Global Markets. 4 June 2014. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  42. ^ "IntercontinentalExchange to buy NYSE for $8.2B". Associated Press. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2014 – via CBS News.
  43. ^ a b "Upstart Market Operator Clinches $8.2 Billion Deal for N.Y.S.E." The New York Times. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  44. ^ "NYSE agrees to be sold to rival ICE for $8bn". BBC News Online. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  45. ^ Popper, Nathaniel (19 January 2013). "Jeffrey Sprecher's Improbable Path to Buying the N.Y.S.E". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  46. ^ McCrank, John; Jeffs, Luke (20 December 2012). "ICE to buy NYSE Euronext for $8.2 billion". Reuters. London. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  47. ^ "Enternext". Europeanequities.nyx. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  48. ^ "EnterNext, la Bourse des PME, devra convaincre". Le Monde.fr. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  49. ^ Pisani, Bob (3 June 2013). "NYSE Euronext Shareholders Approve ICE Merger". CNBC. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  50. ^ "NYSE Euronext Shareholders Approve Acquisition by IntercontinentalExchange" (Press release). New York: NYSE Euronext. 3 June 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  51. ^ "IntercontinentalExchange Stockholders Approve Acquisition of NYSE Euronext" (Press release). Atlanta: ICE Intercontinental Exchange. 3 June 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  52. ^ "Mergers: Commission approves acquisition of NYSE Euronext by InterContinental Exchange" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  53. ^ "Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; NYSE MKT LLC; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change Relating to a Corporate Transaction in which NYSE Euronext Will Become a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of IntercontinentalExchange Group, Inc" (PDF) (Press release). Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 15 August 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  54. ^ Bunge, Jacob (16 August 2013). "SEC Approves ICE-NYSE Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Chicago: Lex Fenwick. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  55. ^ Lynch, Sarah N.; McCrank, John (16 August 2013). McCormick, Gerald E.; Wallace, John (eds.). "SEC approves ICE's planned takeover of NYSE". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  56. ^ a b "IntercontinentalExchange Completes Acquisition of NYSE Euronext" (Press release). ICE Intercontinental Exchange. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  57. ^ "ICE buys NYSE-Euronext. The end of the street". The Economist. Vol. 2013, no. 16 November. New York: London, The Economist Newspaper Ltd. 16 November 2013. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 23 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  58. ^ "Capital and Shareholding". Euronext. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  59. ^ "Euronext Detaches From ICE Through $1.2 Billion IPO". Bloomberg. 20 June 2014. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  60. ^ "ICE to sell third of Euronext to institutions in pan-European IPO". Financial Times. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  61. ^ "Euronext to Partner with Degiro on Dutch Retail Investor Services". 22 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  62. ^ "Euronext Publishes Third Quarter 2014 Results". Reuters. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016.
  63. ^ "Euronext modernises its markets to support growth of european companies | Euronext". www.euronext.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  64. ^ "Euronext closes acquisition of FastMatch". Euronext. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  65. ^ "Euronext completes the acquisition of the Irish Stock Exchange". Euronext. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  66. ^ https://www.euronext.com/fr/oslo-bors-vps-joins-euronext [dead link]
  67. ^ "Euronext to acquire control of Nord Pool, a leading physical power market in Europe, reinforcing Oslo as Euronext's hub in the Nordics". Euronext. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  68. ^ "Nord Pool welcomes new owner". www.nordpoolgroup.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  69. ^ "Euronext completes acquisition of Nord Pool". www.nordpoolgroup.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  70. ^ "Euronext strengthens its post-trade business with the acquisition of VP Securities, the Danish Central Securities Depository". Euronext. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  71. ^ "Euronext Completes the Acquisition of VP Securities". Euronext. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  72. ^ "LSE expected to approve Borsa sale to Euronext on Thursday – sources". Reuters. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
  73. ^ Jones, Huw (18 September 2020). "LSE engages Euronext in exclusive Borsa Italiana talks". www.businessinsider.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  74. ^ "Euronext and CDP Equity confirm exclusive talks with LSEG to acquire Borsa Italiana". Euronext. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  75. ^ "Euronext today completes the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group and publishes Q1 2021 results". Euronext. 29 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
[edit]
Look up bourse or bursa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euronext&oldid=1251353176"