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Weipa

Coordinates: 12°37′48″S 141°52′43″E / 12.63°S 141.8786°E / -12.63; 141.8786 (Weipa (town centre))
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Weipa
Queensland
Weipa
Weipa is located in Queensland
Weipa
Weipa
Coordinates12°37′48″S 141°52′43″E / 12.63°S 141.8786°E / -12.63; 141.8786 (Weipa (town centre))
Population4,097 (2021 census)[1]
Established1961[2]
Postcode(s)4874
Elevation15 m (49 ft)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Weipa Town
State electorate(s)Cook
Federal division(s)Leichhardt
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
32.8 °C
91 °F		 21.9 °C
71 °F		 1,963.9 mm
77.3 in

Weipa (/wiːpə/)[3] is a coastal mining town in the local government area of Weipa Town in Queensland.[4] It is one of the largest towns on the Cape York Peninsula. It exists because of the enormous bauxite deposits along the coast. The Port of Weipa is mainly involved in exports of bauxite. There are also shipments of live cattle from the port.[5]

In the 2021 census, the town of Weipa had a population of 4,097 people.[1]

Geography

[edit]

Weipa is on the western coast of the Cape York Peninsula facing the Gulf of Carpentaria.[6]

Weipa is just south of Duyfken Point, which was named by Matthew Flinders on 8 November 1802 after the ship Duyfken commanded by the Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon.[7] It is claimed that Janszoon was the first European to sight the Australian coast in the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606, 164 years before Lieutenant James Cook sailed up the east coast of Australia.[8]

The town consists of three residential suburbs, Rocky Point, Trunding, and Nanum, in addition to the industrial suburb of Evans Landing; these suburbs are contiguous. The town also includes the suburb of Weipa Airport which is not connected to the other suburbs and contains the town's airport.[6]

History

[edit]

Traditional owners and languages

[edit]

Yupanguthi (Yuputhimri, Jupangati, Yupangathi, Nggerikudi, Yupungati, Jupangati) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yupanguthi country. The Yupanguthi language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Shire of Cook and Weipa Region.[9]

Kugu Yi'anh is a language of Cape York. The traditional language area of Kugu Yi'anh includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cook Shire.[10]

Kugu Nganchara (also known as Wik, Wiknantjara, Wik Nganychara, Wik Ngencherr. See also related Wik languages) is a traditional language of the area which includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cook Shire.[11]

Kugu Muminh (also known as Kuku-Muminh. See also related Wik languages) is one of the traditional languages which includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cook Shire.[12]

Bauxite section on kaolinitic sandstone, 1969

Thaynakwith (also known as Awngthim, Tainikuit and Winduwinda) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Western Cape York in the Weipa area taking in Albatross Bay and Mission River. The language region includes areas within the local government boundaries of Weipa Town Council and Cook Shire.[13]

Weipa Mission

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In 1895, Presbyterian missionary Reverend Nicholas John Hey established a mission at the junction of Embley River and Spring Creek which he called Weipa, which is believed to derive from the Anhathangayth word meaning "fighting ground". In 1932 the mission relocated approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) to Jessica Point, continuing under the same name,[14] Weipa Mission.[15]

Very restrictive legislation was enacted by the state of Queensland in 1911, making the Protector of Aborigines the legal guardian of every Aboriginal and part-Aboriginal child (until he/she was 21), and the right to confine (or expel) any such person within any Aboriginal reserve or institution, and the right to imprison any Aboriginal or part-Aboriginal person for 14 days if, in the Protector's judgement, they were guilty of neglect of duty, gross insubordination or wilful preaching of disobedience. It also gave powers to the police to confine Aboriginal people to reserves to "protect them from corruption". This latter power was given by Comalco[clarification needed] in 1957 to justify the removal of Weipa Aboriginal people.[16]

In 1932, the community had to relocate to its present site, at Jessica Point now called Napranum because of malaria. It is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the present town of Weipa. At this time most of the people were Awngthim but soon different tribes and clans and other communities were forcibly removed from Old Mapoon. To prevent the spread of malaria, the Old Mapoon settlement was burnt down on 15 November 1963.[17]

Mining town

[edit]

In 1955 a geologist, Henry Evans (1912–1990), discovered that the red cliffs on the Aboriginal reserve, previously remarked on by the early Dutch explorers and Matthew Flinders, were actually enormous deposits of bauxite – the ore from which aluminium is made – and to a lesser extent tungsten.

The "Comalco Act 1957" revoked the reserve status, giving the company 5,760 square kilometres (2,220 sq mi) of Aboriginal reserve land on the west coast of the Peninsula and 5,135 square kilometres (1,983 sq mi) on the east coast of Aboriginal-owned (though not reserve) land.[18] Mining commenced in 1960. In 1962, residents accepted Comalco's offer to rebuild the Jessica Point village at a cost of £150,000. By the time building began in 1965, it became clear that funding was inadequate to build houses for the whole community, which contributed towards the Presbyterian Church's decision to hand over responsibility for the mission to the Queensland Government. The community became known as Weipa South after this.[15]

The Weipa Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns was established in 1982.[19]

On 30 March 1985, the Weipa South community elected the Weipa South Aboriginal Council, and the Aboriginal reserve held by the government was transferred to the council on 27 October 1988 under a Deed of Grant in Trust (DOGIT). In 1990, the Weipa South community became known as Napranum, meaning "meeting place of the people". The DOGIT lands became known as the Napranum DOGIT in 1991. In 1992, the Peppan people, originally located to the east of Napranum, were granted freehold title to former Aboriginal reserve land, which had been leased to the Commonwealth for the construction of Scherger Air Force Base. This was the first real compensation to the people of Napranum for use of their land.[15]

In 1995 a major industrial dispute occurred between Comalco and its workforce to maintain union coverage, pay and conditions.[20]

On 1 January 2005, the Napranum Aboriginal Council became the Napranum Aboriginal Shire Council.[15]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2016 census, the town of Weipa had a population of 3,899 people.[21]

In the 2021 census, the town of Weipa had a population of 4,097 people.[1]

Climate

[edit]

Weipa has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), with three distinct seasons; which vary in their intensity and duration. The wet season, which runs from January to April, is characterised by high humidity, warm nights and heavy downpours; as well as occasional monsoonal lows and tropical cyclones. The dry season, running from May to September, features hot and dry days, cooler nights and little rainfall. The build-up season, running from October to December, is oppressively hot and humid, with frequent days over 35.0 °C (95.0 °F), with infrequent, heavy downpours associated with severe thunderstorms.

Temperatures remain hot year-round, with average maxima ranging from 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) in July to 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) in November. Average annual rainfall is 1,968.5 mm (77.50 in), and the highest daily rainfall recorded was 356.0 millimetres (14.02 in) during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Oswald on 23 January 2013.[22] Extreme temperatures have ranged from 9.6 °C (49.3 °F) on 3 August 1990 to 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) on 29 October 2022.[23]

While most climate data was taken from Weipa Airport, extreme temperatures were combined from the older Eastern Ave and newer Airport weather stations (1959-2024).

Climate data for Weipa (12º37'48"S, 141º52'48"E, 20 m AMSL) (1990-2024 normals, extremes 1959-2024)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.5
(99.5) 		35.7
(96.3) 		35.7
(96.3) 		35.3
(95.5) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.7
(96.3) 		35.9
(96.6) 		38.6
(101.5) 		40.1
(104.2) 		39.5
(103.1) 		39.2
(102.6) 		40.1
(104.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.8
(96.4) 		35.9
(96.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		32.9
(91.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24.3
(75.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.0
(73.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.9
(71.4) 		23.5
(74.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		22.1
(71.7)
Record low °C (°F) 20.0
(68.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.2
(50.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		9.6
(49.3) 		13.9
(57.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		9.6
(49.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 500.8
(19.72) 		501.4
(19.74) 		404.0
(15.91) 		111.4
(4.39) 		19.8
(0.78) 		3.3
(0.13) 		1.6
(0.06) 		4.5
(0.18) 		1.8
(0.07) 		20.0
(0.79) 		92.4
(3.64) 		291.6
(11.48) 		1,968.5
(77.50)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16.1 15.6 14.8 7.3 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.4 4.9 11.5 75.2
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 73 76 70 59 52 49 44 41 37 39 46 60 54
Average dew point °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.3
(66.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		19.6
(67.3)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 164.3 144.1 186.0 234.0 254.2 237.0 254.2 275.9 285.0 303.8 285.0 232.5 2,856
Percent possible sunshine 41 41 49 66 71 69 72 76 79 79 75 58 65
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1990-2024 normals, extremes 1959-2024)[24][25]

Economy

[edit]
Mining equipment at the Comalco (now Rio Tinto Aluminium) bauxite mine; Weipa, 1995

The present town was constructed mainly by Comalco (now called Rio Tinto), a large aluminium company, which began making trial shipments of bauxite to Japan in 1962. A railway was constructed to transport the ore from the mine at Andoom to the export facility at Lorim Point.[26] Weipa bauxite mine is among the world's largest. Using figures from 2006, Reuters reported that it ranked third in the world, with capacity and production at 15.5 and 16.1 million tonnes respectively.[27]

Education

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There are two schools in Weipa.

The Western Cape College is a government co-educational school; it provides early childhood (kindergarten), primary and secondary schooling. It is on the corner of Central and Eastern Avenues in Rocky Point (12°37′37″S 141°52′50″E / 12.6269°S 141.8805°E / -12.6269; 141.8805 (Western Cape College)).[28] In 2015, the school had an enrolment of 1,073 students with 93 teachers (90 full-time equivalent).[29]

St Joseph's Parish School is a Roman Catholic co-educational primary school at 2 Boundary Road, Rocky Point (12°37′45″S 141°52′49″E / 12.6293°S 141.8802°E / -12.6293; 141.8802 (St Joseph's Parish School, Weipa)). Opened in 2016, the school only offered enrolment in years P–3 but expected to be able to offer enrollment across all primary levels (P–6) in 2018.[30][31]

Amenities

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Former Weipa Immigrant Detention Centre, 2010. It closed in 2014.

Weipa has a visitor's centre, swimming pool, bowling green, golf club, tennis and squash courts. There are netball and basketball courts as well as football fields. Weipa Town Authority operates a public library at Hibberd Drive in Weipa.[32]

At Nanum the shopping precinct has a Woolworths supermarket, bakery, coffee shop, travel agent, clothing shop, post office, newsagency / sports shop and butchers. There is also a chemist, camping and fishing store and within walking distance is a gift shop, furniture and whitegoods store, credit union and government social security office. At Evans Landing there are a hardware store and a number of mechanical workshops.[33]

St Joseph's Catholic Church is on Boundary Road at Rocky Point. It is within the Weipa Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns.[19]

Sport and recreation

[edit]

A number of well-known sporting clubs represent the local area, including Carpentaria Golf Club, Weipa BMX Club, Weipa Bowls Club, weipa Darts Club, Weipa Squash Club, Weipa Tennis Club and Snooker club Weipa RLFC and Weipa Cricket Club who play home games at Andoom Oval.[34]

Weipa Fishing Classic and Weipa Rodeo Association

[edit]
  • Main road through Weipa township
    Main road through Weipa township
  • Weipa Mission River bridge
    Weipa Mission River bridge
  • Coastal beach and bay near Wallaby Island
    Coastal beach and bay near Wallaby Island
  • Coastal beach at Nanum suburb
    Coastal beach at Nanum suburb
  • Raised cabins at caravan park near the beach
    Raised cabins at caravan park near the beach
  • Former mining pit, now a freshwater pond
    Former mining pit, now a freshwater pond
  • Car park at Woolworths shopping centre, mostly 4WDs
    Car park at Woolworths shopping centre, mostly 4WDs
  • Weipa police station
    Weipa police station
  • Standard style of housing in Trunding suburb
    Standard style of housing in Trunding suburb
  • Sunset over the Gulf of Carpentaria
    Sunset over the Gulf of Carpentaria

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Weipa (UCL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 June 2024. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ Penguin Books Australia (2002). Explore Queensland. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin Books Australia. p. 60. ISBN 0-14-300015-2.
  3. ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  4. ^ "Weipa – town in Weipa Town (entry 36899)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  5. ^ McKillop, Charlie (13 October 2016). "Weipa cattle shipment to Indonesia revives live export hopes in Cape York". Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Duyfken Point – point in Cook Shire (entry 10966)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  8. ^ "Janszoon 1606". Duyfken 1606 Replica. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  9. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Yupanguthi". Queensland’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Kugu Yi'anh". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  11. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  12. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  13. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Thaynakwith". Queensland’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  14. ^ "Western Cape History". Weipa Town Authority. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  15. ^ a b c d "Napranum". Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2020. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Archived 16 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine licence.
  16. ^ Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, p. 34. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. ISBN 0-85924-171-8.
  17. ^ Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, pp. 115–116. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. ISBN 0-85924-171-8.
  18. ^ Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, p. 97. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. ISBN 0-85924-171-8.
  19. ^ a b "Weipa Parish". Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  20. ^ Ross, Liz (2020). "Defending Unionism: The Weipa Dispute, 1995". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  21. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Weipa (UCL)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  22. ^ "Weipa Aero Climate (1972-2024)". FarmOnline Weather. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Weipa Eastern Ave Climate (1914-2024)". FarmOnline Weather. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  24. ^ "Weipa Airport Climate Statistics (1972-2024)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  25. ^ "Weipa Eastern Ave Climate Statistics (1914-2024)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  26. ^ The Heavy-duty Industrial Railway at Weipa Buckland, John L. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, June, 1975 pp143-148
  27. ^ "FACTBOX-World bauxite reserves and production". Reuters. 6 February 2007. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  28. ^ "Western Cape College". Western Cape College. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  29. ^ "2015 School Annual Report" (PDF). Western Cape College. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  30. ^ "Join Us". St Joseph's Parish School. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  31. ^ "School newsletter" (PDF). Catholic Education. Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  32. ^ "Hibberd Library". Public Libraries Connect. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  33. ^ "Weipa". Centre for the Government of Queensland. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  34. ^ "Sport & Recreation".

Further reading

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  • Moon, Ron & Viv. 2003. Cape York: An Adventurer's Guide. 9th edition. Moon Adventure Publications, Pearcedale, Victoria. ISBN 0-9578766-4-5
  • Moore, David R. 1979. Islanders and Aborigines at Cape York: An ethnographic reconstruction based on the 1848–1850 'Rattlesnake' Journals of O. W. Brierly and information he obtained from Barbara Thompson. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Canberra. ISBN 0-85575-076-6 (hbk); ISBN 0-85575-082-0 (pbk). USA edition ISBN 0-391-00946-X (hbk); ISBN 0-391-00948-6 (pbk).
  • Roberts, Jan. 1981. Massacres to Mining: The Colonization of Aboriginal Australia. Dove Communications, Blackburn, Victoria. Rev. Australian ed. Previous ed: CIMRA and War on Want, 1978, London. ISBN 0-85924-171-8.
  • Premier's Department (prepared by Connell Wagner). 1989. Cape York Peninsula Resource Analysis. Cairns. OCLC 220913048
  • Roth, W.E. 1897. The Queensland Aborigines. 3 Vols. Reprint: Facsimile Edition, Hesperian Press, Victoria Park, W.A., 1984. ISBN 0-85905-054-8
  • Ryan, Michelle and Burwell, Colin, eds. 2000. Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland: Cooktown to Mackay. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. ISBN 0-85905-045-9 (set of 3 vols).
  • Scarth-Johnson, Vera. 2000. National Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association, Cooktown. ISBN 0-646-39726-5 (pbk); ISBN 0-646-39725-7 Limited Edition – Leather Bound.
  • Sutton, Peter (ed). Languages of Cape York: Papers presented to a Symposium organised by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra. (1976). ISBN 0-85575-046-4
  • Wallace, Lennie. 2003. Cape York Peninsula: A History of Unlauded Heroes 1845–2003. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton. ISBN 1-876780-43-6
  • Wynter, Jo and Hill, John. 1991. Cape York Peninsula: Pathways to Community Economic Development. The Final Report of The Community Economic Development Projects Cook Shire. Cook Shire Council.
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