Jump to content

Destiny Fulfilled

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Destiny Fulfilled
A close-up of the members' faces
Studio album by
ReleasedNovember 8, 2004 (2004-11-08)
Recorded2004
Studio
GenreR&B
Length47:57
Label
Producer
Destiny's Child chronology
Destiny's Child World Tour
(2003)
Destiny Fulfilled
(2004)
#1's
(2005)
Singles from Destiny Fulfilled
  1. "Lose My Breath"
    Released: October 5, 2004 (2004-10-05)
  2. "Soldier"
    Released: November 9, 2004 (2004-11-09)
  3. "Girl"
    Released: March 15, 2005 (2005-03-15)
  4. "Cater 2 U"
    Released: June 7, 2005 (2005-06-07)

Destiny Fulfilled is the fifth and final studio album by American girl group Destiny's Child. It was released on November 8, 2004, by Columbia Records and Sony Urban Music. Following the conclusion of promotional activities for their globally successful third studio album Survivor (2001), Destiny's Child embarked on a two-year hiatus, during which each member released solo albums to varying levels of success. They reunited in the summer of 2004 to record Destiny Fulfilled, primarily at the Sony Music Studios in New York City. Unlike the group's previous recordings, the album saw each member equally contributing to the songwriting and production, drawing inspiration from the events in their lives while being apart.

Executive producing Destiny Fulfilled alongside their manager Mathew Knowles, Destiny's Child further worked with frequent collaborators such as Rockwilder and Rodney Jerkins, as well as several new ones, including 9th Wonder, Sean Garrett and Rich Harrison. Their efforts resulted with an R&B record further exploring genres such as crunk, dance, hip hop and funk. Lyrically a concept album, each of its tracks is a continuation of its predecessor, altogether telling a complete story tracing a woman's relationship journey. The balladry and lyrical content were met with generally mixed reviews from music critics, who nevertheless praised the equality of contributions among members and their vocal performances.

A highly-anticipated comeback album, Destiny Fulfilled went through several release date alterations due to a concern over Internet leaks, ultimately being released a day earlier. Its street date violation resulted with a premature debut at number 19 on the US Billboard 200. The album's sales were principally unaffected by the unconventional release as it subsequently peaked at number two, selling 558,000 units within its first eight days of release, and went on to be certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Despite its mixed critical reception, the album garnered five Grammy Award nominations, including Best Contemporary R&B Album. One of the best-selling girl group albums of all time, the album has sold over seven million copies worldwide.

Destiny Fulfilled produced four singles. "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier" both peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and achieved widespread international commercial success. "Girl" peaked only at number 23 on the US Billboard Hot 100 but was a top-ten hit in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, "Cater 2 U" fared better on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 14. Destiny's Child further promoted the album with their world tour Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It (2005). During the tour's Palau Sant Jordi show in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, the group announced their disbandment; they formally disbanded following the release of the live album Live in Atlanta (2006).

Background and development

[edit]

"People ask why. We're friends. We enjoy each other. We sound good together. We grew up together and hopefully we can set an example for other groups, and other female groups especially, that you can support each other and not be insecure and be happy for one another. And it's OK to do solo projects and to grow up and get a life. But it's also OK to come back together... It doesn't always have to be what the media tries to make it out to be. Women can get along and be businesswomen and be smart and not be catty all the time."

Beyoncé reflecting on the motives behind Destiny's Child's reunion.[1]

In April 2001, Destiny's Child released their highly-anticipated third studio album Survivor. Fueled by the widespread commercial success of "Independent Women Part I" and "Survivor",[2] it became their first US Billboard 200 number-one album.[3] The album sold steadily and went on to be certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[4] Furthermore, it was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards (2002),[5] and has sold over ten million copies worldwide.[6] While recording Survivor in December 2000, Beyoncé announced that Destiny's Child would eventually embark on a hiatus which would allow each member to release a solo album, which they hoped would further increase interest in the group.[7] The idea of solo albums emanated from the group's manager and Beyoncé's father Mathew Knowles. Kelly Rowland further explained in an interview that Destiny's Child had been present in the media for a long time and they wanted to "give the public eye a rest from DC for a minute".[8] During that same interview, she acknowledged that the trio would reunite during the fall of 2003 to start recording a new album.[8]

During the hiatus, Michelle Williams released two gospel studio albums–Heart to Yours (2002) and Do You Know (2004). The former peaked atop the US Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart,[9] becoming 2002's biggest selling gospel album; with over 220,000 copies sold in the US[10] and 500,000 worldwide.[11] Furthermore, Williams won a British MOBO Award for "Best Gospel Act" in 2002 and made her Broadway debut, as the lead in the musical Aida on November 18, 2003.[12] Although Beyoncé's solo album was initially scheduled for October 2002, its release was postponed due to the success of Kelly Rowland's collaboration with Nelly, "Dilemma", which peaked atop the US Billboard Hot 100 for a cumulative 10 weeks[13] and won a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards.[14] Therefore, Rowland's pop rock-oriented solo debut Simply Deep was moved up to October, ahead of Beyoncé's album.[15] Simply Deep debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200, and has gone on to be certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[16][17] selling over 600,000 copies in the US[18] and over 2.5 million worldwide.[19] Beyoncé, who was the last member to release an album, was regarded the most successful with Dangerously in Love (2003). The album debuted atop the US Billboard 200, enjoying international commercial success and widespread critical acclaim.[20] Furthermore, it produced two US Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits–"Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy"[21]–and won five Grammy Awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards (2004), causing Beyoncé to tie for winning the most Grammy Awards at a single ceremony among women.[f] The members' respective solo achievements led to intense speculation over the disbandment of Destiny's Child. In July 2004, amidst the rumors, Rowland announced the group's return to the studio to record Destiny Fulfilled. The group claimed the reunion was destined to happen, and that their affinity for each other kept them together.[1][23]

Recording and production

[edit]

Production of Destiny Fulfilled commenced during the summer of 2004, with Destiny's Child enlisting frequent collaborators such as Rockwilder and Rodney Jerkins, as well as new ones, including 9th Wonder, Sean Garrett and Rich Harrison. 9th Wonder initially met Beyoncé while she was in the recording studio as her now-husband, rapper Jay-Z recorded the song "Threat" for his album The Black Album (2003). After Jay-Z went through the CD of tracks 9th Wonder had handed to him, Beyoncé mentioned that she liked what she heard from him. Several months later, 9th Wonder received a call from Jay-Z, asking for him to give the CD to Destiny's Child. He was surprised at being contacted by the rapper about working with the group, as he confessed that he had never owned an album by them. He later traveled to Los Angeles to work with the trio for their next album. During the three-day session, he produced the songs "Girl", "Is She the Reason" and "Game Over".[24] Garrett, who co-wrote "Lose My Breath", "Soldier", "T-Shirt", "Is She the Reason", "Girl" and "Through with Love", recalled working on the album: "There was so much magic going on in the studio. We probably recorded all the songs in about a month and every day it was a new song coming out. 'Lose My Breath' was towards the latter part of the album and that was an amazing song that we felt could not only be big on the radio but big with bands and marching bands. I was on a natural high after that."[25]

Destiny's Child recorded Destiny Fulfilled within a three-week period,[1] mostly at the Sony Music Studios in New York City, where all tracks except "Through with Love" were recorded.[26] They took the role of executive producing, alongside their manager Mathew Knowles. Beyoncé, who vocally produced the songs, commented that it was important for her to make sure their voices were audible and identifiable. Taking it as one of her goals, the group decided to focus on mid-tempo songs and on few dance tracks and ballads—which they considered songs listeners cannot sing along with. Beyoncé further elaborated: "We wanted to make sure that the songs would be something that we were proud of 10 years from now, 20 years from now. We wanted it to be something that people can really feel an emotion to. Up-tempo songs can do that, but they more make you wanna dance."[1] Jerkins, who had worked with the group on their previous studio albums and with Beyoncé for her solo debut Dangerously in Love (2003), was concerned with how he would manage the production, saying: "How is this going to work?' Cause Beyoncé, she blew up solo, so how's it going to work in a group together?".[27] However, he stated his skepticism vanished once the recording commenced, as he saw the group's "excitement being back in the studio together", calling the process "natural".[27]

The members stated the first week of recording Destiny Fulfilled was spent solely on conversations about the events in their lives while being apart, as they hadn't spent quality time together for an extended period. This further inspired them to record the conversations and use it as the main theme of the record.[27] In most cases, producers would send the group a CD containing a track which would serve as the basis in the songwriting process; without the producers' supervision of which part to sing, a new direction of their style was formed, differing from their previous records. The traditional approach where each member sang one verse and chimed in the chorus was replaced; on some tracks from Destiny Fulfilled, their vocals alternated on every line of the lyrics, a technique similar to hip hop artists.[1] Differing from Survivor, on which Beyoncé had taken an active role in writing and producing, Destiny Fulfilled saw each member contributing inputs culled from personal experiences, individual opinions and points of view independent of those from the other members.[1] As Kelly Rowland was recently engaged during the songwriting process, her writing was further influenced by the engagement. She also cited that being apart from the group affected the lyrical themes as well: "All of us have been in three different places ... so there's a lot to talk about, a lot that's gone on, personally. I think it's important to talk about that on this new record, to put what we've been going through separately into the new record."[28]

Music and lyrics

[edit]
American rappers T.I. (left) and Lil Wayne (right) were the only two featured artists on the album, appearing on the second track "Soldier".

During an interview with MTV, Beyoncé stated that the songs from Destiny Fulfilled put altogether tell a complete story and noted that each track was a subsequent continuation of its predecessor. She concluded: "[The album continues with] this whole journey of this group of women trying to find love. And truly they find it because they love themselves and find it in themselves. It's friendship, it's love, it's maturity and growth, and it's everything that we wanted it to be."[27] Musically, Destiny's Child tried challenging themselves, as they worked with different arrangements while trying to create an original sound; to succeed in this, they were influenced by The Emotions, Jodeci and SWV mixing elements of their music.[29] Their final product was a predominantly R&B record, which further incorporated soul, dance and hip hop.[30][31] The album is mostly composed of mid-tempo tracks, following the up-tempo first two tracks;[32] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian felt the balladry showcased "the girliness in the trio, musically and lyrically".[33] Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine found elements of middle of the road music in the ballads.[34]

Destiny Fulfilled opens with the up-tempo dance track "Lose My Breath", which details a man full of empty promises to a woman.[1][32] It is musically complete with military, marching-band drums, keyboard stabs, and the backing track contains various sound effects.[35][36] "Soldier", featuring T.I. and Lil Wayne, contains elements of Southern hip hop and crunk.[1][37] Unsatisfied and unfulfilled with the lover from "Lose My Breath", the protagonists ask for a decent "soldier", further singing about finding a gangster.[38] After finding him, the R&B ballad "Cater 2 U" lyrically details submissively serving the man.[39] Inspired by him, the protagonists sing about doing various things to make him happy, musically accompanied by synthesizer as the song builds a crescendo.[1][39] The fourth track "T-Shirt" is complete with inorganic drum sounds, guitar and backwards loop as the trio sings about sleeping in bed with their lover's T-shirt, "craving his presence, and inhailing his scent".[35][39] "Is She the Reason" is an R&B ballad noted to have a similar chord progression to works of The Beatles. It lyrically follows a protagonist competing with another woman for her lover's love and attention.[39] The song contains a trumpet-laden sample from Melba Moore's song "I Don't Know No One Else to Turn To".[38]

"Girl" was noted for its Motown influence and friendship-themed lyrics.[30][39] It features Beyoncé and Williams concerned about the relationship Rowland is in, trying to comfort her and persuade her to leave her partner.[40] Rowland lyrically responds to them by ending the relationship on the following track "Bad Habit", on which she solely sings lead vocals.[41] "If", complete with strings, lyrically talks about men who don't appreciate their girlfriends until their relationship ends and they realize their mistakes.[30][39] "Free" was described as a "soul classic from 1975",[42] with critics also noting elements of 1970s funk music, as the trio speaks on being "set free" after being in a relationship in which their efforts were never reciprocated.[35] The mid-tempo track "Through with Love" was noted for its "angry" nature as it addresses a break-up.[35][43] It features an undulating piano line as the members sing with restrained vocals and later religious redemption with elements of gospel.[37] On the closing track "Love", "capital L kicks the daylights out of the forces of fear, doubt and disappointment", as the group "thank[s] God for love".[39] They further sing about how people "can't truly love another until [they] love God and then [themselves]",[30] proclaiming that they have found love and are "madly in it".[44]

Release and promotion

[edit]
Destiny's Child performing "Say My Name" during the Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It tour in May 2005

Promotion of Destiny Fulfilled commenced when Destiny's Child performed "Lose My Breath" on September 9, 2004, on ABC's 2004 NFL season "Opening Kickoff" special, to break their two-year hiatus.[45][46] The album's track listing was revealed on October 15.[47] On October 25, they appeared at the Radio Music Awards in Las Vegas, performing the song with an a cappella, jazz-styled opening.[48] The following month, they performed a medley composed of "Say My Name", "Independent Women Part I" and "Survivor" and finished with "Lose My Breath" on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where they also sat down for an interview with Oprah Winfrey.[49] On November 8, 2004, the trio appeared on Total Request Live and performed "Lose My Breath" along with "Say My Name".[1][50] They additionally appeared on the German entertainment television show Wetten, dass..? on November 13, and performed "Lose My Breath".[51] Originally slated for November 16, Destiny Fulfilled was released a day earlier due to Columbia Records' concern over "potential for Internet leaks and 'burned' CD counterfeits" which could "lead consumers to experience inferior and incomplete versions of the album".[52] MTV had already made it available for streaming as part of its program "The Leak" on November 8, while Trans World Entertainment and Walmart began selling the album on November 12.[53][54] Although the album's format was originally announced to be the then-new DualDisc, it was released on an audio-only CD;[53] however, it was released on DualDisc on February 8, 2005.[55] On BET's 106 & Park, Destiny's Child performed "Soldier" on November 15, 2004.[56] They also performed the song on CBS's The Early Show on December 8.[57] In February 2005, they gave another performance of "Soldier" on the British television show Top of the Pops.[58] At the 2005 NBA All-Star Game on February 20, they performed both "Soldier" and "Lose My Breath".[59] They performed the latter again at the 2005 ESPY Awards on July 13.[60] "Cater 2 U" was performed on June 28 at the 2005 BET Awards in Los Angeles.[61][62]

When the advanced release date of Destiny Fulfilled was announced, Destiny's Child confirmed the initial dates of their world tour Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It, which visited Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America from April to September 2005. Promotions of the tour aired over radio stations and television channels across the United States, with the group further collaborating with McDonald's, which served as its sponsor.[47][63] Outside North America, it was promoted with a CD+DVD tour edition of the album, which included music videos and live performances.[64] The tour's set list included tracks from Destiny Fulfilled alongside Destiny's Child's previous work and each member's individual songs. Numerous costume changes occurred throughout the show; the concerts exhibited products from Beyoncé's clothing line from House of Deréon, the company she co-founded with her mother Tina Knowles.[65] During a concert at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona on June 11, Rowland announced before 16,000 spectators that Destiny's Child would disband following the end of the tour.[66] In a statement released to MTV, the group said the tour had provided them the opportunity to depart from Destiny's Child on a "high note". They also talked about the moment when the group started their musical endeavor and their realizations of pursuing individual careers after working together for several years. Destiny's Child thanked fans for their support while not closing the chance of seeing them continue supporting each member's goals in music, film and television.[66] The July 15 show in Atlanta was filmed for the video album Live in Atlanta, which was released on March 28, 2006.[67] A commercial success, the video debuted atop the US Top Music Videos and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[68][69]

Singles

[edit]

The album's lead single "Lose My Breath" first appeared as a streaming track on September 9, 2004, exclusively from AOL Music,[45] following which it was available as a digital download only from Walmart, then on October 5 it was made widely available.[70][71] It hit the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 30 on October 2, rising to number 3 a month later, becoming the group's seventh consecutive top-ten single on the chart.[72] Furthermore, it became their second Dance Club Songs number-one single.[73] The digital single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in July 2020.[4] Internationally, the song peaked atop the European Hot 100 Singles,[74] as well as charts in Belgium, Ireland and Switzerland, further peaking within the top ten in almost every other country.[75] The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) used the song as the music for their introductory montage during the 2004 NBA Playoffs and through the first few weeks of the 2005 NBA Playoffs.[76] Critically acclaimed, it was nominated for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 47th Annual Grammy Awards (2005).[5] Its accompanying music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld and shows the group members involved in an alleyway dance battle against their own duplicates.[77] At the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for Best Dance Video.[78]

"Soldier" was released as the second single from Destiny Fulfilled on November 9, 2004.[79] Repeating the success of its predecessor, it peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and atop the Dance Club Songs.[2][73] The digital single was certified platinum by the RIAA in July 2020.[4] Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.[80][81][82] Critically acclaimed, it was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards (2006).[5] The black and white accompanying music video for the song was directed by Ray Kay and features appearances from featured artists T.I. and Lil Wayne, Beyoncé's sister Solange, singers Lloyd and Ginuwine, and rappers Bow Wow, Ice Cube, WC and Jeezy.[77] At the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for Best Group Video.[78]

"Girl" was released as the third single from Destiny Fulfilled on March 15, 2005.[83] It failed to replicate the success of its predecessors as it peaked only at number 23 on the US Billboard Hot 100, ending Destiny's Child's streak of top-ten singles on the chart.[2] The digital single was certified gold by the RIAA in October 2005.[4] Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK.[80][84] Its Sex and the City-inspired accompanying music video was directed by Bryan Barber and follows the song's lyrical theme, with Rowland ending the video by leaving her deceitful lover.[77]

"Cater 2 U" was released as the fourth and final single from Destiny Fulfilled on June 7, 2005.[85] A moderate commercial success, it peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[2] The digital single was certified platinum by the RIAA in July 2020.[4] Internationally, the song failed to chart in most countries due to its digital-only release, but peaked at number seven in New Zealand.[86] Despite causing polarity among critics due to its lyrics, the song was nominated for Grammy Awards for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best R&B Song in 2006.[5] Its Jake Nava-directed accompanying music video depicts the group in various settings at the Red Rock Canyon State Park.[77]

"Got's My Own", which originally appeared as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of Destiny Fulfilled, was released as a promotional single on May 3, 2005.[87]

Critical reception

[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic52/100[88]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[32]
Blender[89]
E!C[91]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[90]
Entertainment WeeklyC+[42]
The Guardian[33]
Los Angeles Times[30]
Rolling Stone[38]
Slant Magazine[34]
Stylus MagazineD+[37]

Destiny Fulfilled received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 52 based on 17 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[88] Dimitri Ehrlich of Vibe complimented the production, saying that it "showcases advanced production values" with "impressive" songwriting and vocal abilities, concluding that it "offers divine satisfaction".[39] A writer for Billboard felt the album worked as "a testament to Beyoncé's evolving multiple talents".[31] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised Rowland's and Williams' abilities as vocalists and their contributions to the choruses, but felt that Beyoncé "steals every song", further commending her for sounding "larger than life even when she's quiet". However, he concluded: "as a whole, the album winds up sounding too reserved and heavy-handed, which makes it a disappointment".[32] Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club wrote in his review that "Destiny Fulfilled sounds distant and detached", further criticizing its mid-tempo balladry for sounding "uninterrupted at best, uninspired at worst".[92] Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times commented that the album is "a surprisingly perfunctory disc that never quite justifies its existence".[43] Alan Ranta of Tiny Mix Tapes doubted Beyoncé's lyrical sincerity, saying: "the success of this album depends once again on the complete suspension of die-hard fans' disbelief that Beyoncé 'Your Ad Here' Knowles could ever actually truly love another human being as much as she loves herself and her possessions."[44]

Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian commented that the lead vocals on Destiny Fulfilled were likely to be sung by each member equally, noting that it made the album a "democratic" one. However, she criticized Destiny's Child for squandering "the extent of their talents" on the album.[33] Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly also noticed its "overall air of democracy at work" and noted that the album "often moves at a molasses-like pace, weighted down with a preponderance of exquisitely executed but ultimately dull ballads".[42] Jenny Eliscu of Rolling Stone echoed Sinclair's comments, saying: "In all but a couple of songs, the verses are divided into three sections, with Beyonce leading things off, followed by Rowland, then Williams".[38] She noted that after a couple of upbeat songs, "the album slumps into an endless string of overwrought R&B ballads where the only saving grace is ... these ladies can harmonize like nobody's business."[38] Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine commented that the album's ballads build into "the same sort of standoffish sexual supply-and-demand bartering that has marred their worst tracks".[34] Sarah Godfrey from The Washington Post also criticized the balladry, alongside the absence of women's empowerment-themed lyrical content present on the group's previous recordings, but noted each member's individuality and praised their vocal performances.[93]

Accolades

[edit]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Awards and nominations for Destiny Fulfilled
Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
2005 Soul Train Music Award Best R&B/Soul Album – Group, Band or Duo Destiny Fulfilled Won
2005 Japan Gold Disc Award International Rock & Pop Albums of the Year Won
Soul Train Lady of Soul Award Best R&B/Soul Album by a Group, Band or Duo Won
Dutch MOBO Award Best Album Won
2005 American Music Award Favorite Soul/R&B Album Won
2006 Grammy Award Best Contemporary R&B Album Nominated

Listings

[edit]
Listings for Destiny Fulfilled
Year Publication List Position Ref.
2006 Q The 50 Worst Albums Ever
24

Commercial performance

[edit]
Destiny's Child performing "Lose My Breath" during the Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It tour in August 2005

In the United States, Destiny Fulfilled prematurely debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200 chart dated November 27, 2004 due to a street date violation, amassing sales of 61,000 copies in a single day and registering the highest pre-street date sales in the history of Nielsen SoundScan at the time.[101][102][g] In its first full week of sales, Destiny Fulfilled sold over 497,000 copies, with an increase of 713% compared to its early sales, ascending to number two on the Billboard 200.[103] The same week, it reached the summit of the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums after prematurely debuting at number 11.[104][105] The group's second number-one album on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums following Survivor (2001), it spent two weeks atop the chart.[104] On January 14, 2005, the album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[106] It emerged seventh on the year-end Billboard 200 and third on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums for 2005.[107][108] By October 2009, the album had sold 3.1 million copies in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan.[109] In Canada, the album debuted and peaked at number three on the Canadian Albums Chart, and was certified platinum by Music Canada in June 2005.[110][111]

In the United Kingdom, Destiny Fulfilled debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Albums Chart on November 27, 2004;[112] it went on to spend a total of 25 weeks charting.[80] Additionally, the album debuted and peaked at number two on the UK R&B Albums Chart.[113] It was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on April 20, 2018.[114] Across Europe, the album reached the top ten in Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland.[115][116][117] Furthermore, it peaked at number five on the European Top 100 Albums,[118] and was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in December 2004 for sales of one million copies across Europe.[119] In Australia, the album debuted and peaked at number 11 on the ARIA Top 100 Albums,[115] being certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) two weeks later.[120] In New Zealand, it debuted at number 25 and peaked at number 21 in its 13th week, being certified gold by the Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ).[121][122][123] In Japan, the album debuted and peaked at number four on the Oricon Albums Chart, and was soon after certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).[124][125][126] According to IFPI, Destiny Fulfilled was the eighth best-selling album worldwide of 2004.[127] One of the best-selling girl group albums of all time, it has sold over seven million copies worldwide.[128]

Impact and legacy

[edit]

Upon the release of Destiny Fulfilled, numerous critics questioned why Beyoncé returned to Destiny's Child after achieving the most solo success among the members,[38][42] with Eric Henderson from Slant Magazine lambasting her for performing with the group again with the "full intention" of taking advantage in order to bolster her "divette" status to superstardom.[34] However, Beyoncé responded by saying the motive behind the group's reunion was their friendship rather than business.[1] Writing for The Recording Academy, Dontaira Terrell retrospectively claimed Destiny Fulfilled "peeled back the layers of the pop phenom girl group we once knew and re-introduced us to a trio of fully evolved, self-realized women", further describing it as "an ode to the life lessons of friendship, spiritual enlightenment, personal growth and transformation. Its resonance is still widespread, and the baton of wisdom found in the albums [sic] lyrical content is just as relevant [in 2019] as it was 15 years ago."[129]

Destiny's Child's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which they received in March 2006.

In the wake of their disbandment announcement in June 2005, Destiny's Child revealed in an interview that their disbandment had already been planned during the recording of Destiny Fulfilled, adding that its title was not coincidental. During the sessions, they discussed individual aspirations and realized that remaining as a group would prevent them in pursuing those interests. They further elaborated they wanted to part ways "while they were on top — and more importantly, while they were still friends".[27] Beyoncé had also said "the group felt it still had something to offer musically" with the album, adding: "We did this record for ourselves, not to sell a million the first week out... That doesn't mean as much to us as just the fact that three friends got back together to do another record. That was our destiny.".[130] Rowland commented: "We were like, 'You know what, we're getting older and we want to end on a high note.' We want to give our fans a great final record".[131] Beyoncé also commented regarding the finality of their career: "Who knows what will happen in three, five or 10 years? The main thing is that we maintain our friendship and that we do it because we want to – not because it's a good business move."[131]

Following the conclusion of Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It, the group released their first greatest hits album #1's in October 2005, which became their second US Billboard 200 number-one album.[3] It included three new tracks,[132] one of which was Beyoncé's song "Check on It", which became her third US Billboard Hot 100 number-one single as a solo artist.[21] They subsequently released the live video album Live in Atlanta on March 28, 2006,[133] the same day they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[134] Afterwards, the group formally disbanded. Following the disbandment, Beyoncé recorded and released her second solo studio album B'Day (2006) to widespread critical and commercial success, while starring in the Academy Award-winning musical drama Dreamgirls.[135] After numerous postponements, Rowland released her second studio album Ms. Kelly in June 2007;[136] it became her first US Billboard 200 top-ten album.[137] During Beyoncé and Rowland's respective promotions for their albums, Destiny's Child reunited at the BET Awards 2007 and during Beyoncé's 2007 world tour The Beyoncé Experience.[138][139] Michelle Williams released her third studio album Unexpected, which showcased a drastic change in her musical style from gospel to dance-pop, in October 2008.[140] Destiny's Child would not release another album until the compilation album Love Songs–which included Destiny Fulfilled tracks "Cater 2 U", "T-Shirt", "If" and "Love", alongside some of the group's other previous recordings and the newly-recorded "Nuclear"–in January 2013.[141]

Track listing

[edit]
Destiny Fulfilled – Standard edition
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Lose My Breath"
4:02
2."Soldier" (featuring T.I. and Lil Wayne)
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • Harrison
5:25
3."Cater 2 U"
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • R. Jerkins
  • Rude
  • Rowland[d]
  • M. Williams[d]
4:07
4."T-Shirt"
4:40
5."Is She the Reason"
4:47
6."Girl"
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Douthit
  • Beyince
  • Don Davis
  • Eddie Robinson
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • 9th Wonder
  • Rowland[d]
3:44
7."Bad Habit (Kelly Rowland solo)"
  • S. Knowles[d]
  • Cox
  • Dean
3:54
8."If"
4:15
9."Free"
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Drawers
  • Stinson
  • Larry Mizell
  • Fonce Mizell
  • James Carter
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • Rockwilder
4:51
10."Through with Love"
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • Winans
3:35
11."Love"
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Beyince
  • Erron Williams
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • E. Williams
4:32
Destiny Fulfilled – International edition (bonus track)[142]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
12."Game Over"
  • B. Knowles
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Douthit
  • Michael Burton
  • Phil Terry
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • 9th Wonder
4:03
Destiny Fulfilled – Japanese edition (bonus tracks)[143]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
12."Got's My Own"
  • B. Knowles
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Daniels
  • R. Jerkins
  • Beyince
  • F. Jerkins
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • R. Jerkins
3:59
13."Game Over"
  • B. Knowles
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Douthit
  • Burton
  • Terry
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • 9th Wonder
4:03
14."Why You Actin'"
  • B. Knowles[a]
  • Allen
  • Moss
4:28
Destiny Fulfilled – DualDisc edition (bonus tracks)[144]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
12."The Destiny's Child Interview" 20:08
13."Lose My Breath" (music video)
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Daniels
  • R. Jerkins
  • F. Jerkins
  • S. Carter
3:39
14."Soldier" (music video)
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Harrison
  • D. Carter
  • Harris
4:06
15."Game Over"
  • B. Knowles
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Douthit
  • Burton
  • Terry
4:03
16."Why You Actin'"
  • B. Knowles
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Allen
  • Moss
  • Divine
  • Beyince
4:28
Destiny Fulfilled – Walmart exclusive edition (bonus disc)[145]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."My Man"
  • B. Knowles
  • Storch
3:33
2."2 Step"
  • B. Knowles
  • Waller
  • Storch
  • Rowland
  • M. Williams
  • Stephen Garrett
  • B. Knowles
  • Storch
3:24
3."Survivor" (extended remix) (featuring Da Brat)
  • B. Knowles
  • Dent
4:24
4."What's It Gonna Be"
3:38
5."Independent Women Part II"
  • B. Knowles
  • Stewart
  • Seats
3:46
Destiny Fulfilled – Tour edition (bonus DVD)[64]
No.TitleWriter(s)Director(s)Length
1."The Destiny's Child Interview" Jennifer Lebeau20:08
2."Lose My Breath" (music video)
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Daniels
  • R. Jerkins
  • F. Jerkins
  • S. Carter
Marc Klasfeld3:39
3."Soldier" (music video)
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Harrison
  • D. Carter
  • Harris
Ray Kay4:06
4."Girl" (music video)
  • Rowland
  • B. Knowles
  • M. Williams
  • Garrett
  • Douthit
  • Beyince
  • Davis
  • Robinson
Bryan Barber3:56
5."Independent Women Part I" (live in Rotterdam, 2002)  
6."Say My Name" (live in Rotterdam, 2002)
  
7."Survivor" (live in Rotterdam, 2002)
  • B. Knowles
  • Dent
  • M. Knowles
  

Notes

  • ^a signifies a producer and vocal producer
  • ^b signifies a vocal producer
  • ^c signifies a co-producer
  • ^d signifies an additional vocal producer

Sample credits

Personnel

[edit]

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Destiny Fulfilled.[26]

  • Angela Beyincé – songwriting (tracks 4, 6 and 11)
  • Big Drawers – songwriting (tracks 8 and 9), vocal production (track 8)
  • Noemi Bonazzi – prop styling
  • Alice V. Butts – design, art direction
  • James Carter – songwriting (track 9)
  • Shawn Carter – songwriting (track 1)
  • Jim Caruana – engineering (tracks 1–9 and 11)
  • Victor Carstarphen – songwriting (track 5)
  • Candice Childress – production coordination (track 7)
  • Bryan Michael Cox – keyboards (track 7), drum programming (track 7), production (track 7), songwriting (track 7)
  • Tom Coyne – mastering (all tracks)
  • Ian Cuttler – design, art direction
  • LaShawn Daniels – songwriting (track 1)
  • Don Davis – songwriting (track 6)
  • Andrew Dawson – mixing (track 5)
  • Kendrick "Wyldcard" Dean – keyboards (track 7), production (track 7), songwriting (track 7)
  • Vincent DiLorenzo – engineering (track 4), mixing (track 4)
  • Patrick "9th Wonder" Douthit – production (tracks 5 and 6), songwriting (tracks 5 and 6)
  • Dre & Vidal – mixing (track 4), production (track 4), songwriting (track 4)
  • Fabrizio Ferri – photography
  • Sean Garrett – production (tracks 4 and 5), songwriting (tracks 1, 2, 4–6 and 10), vocal production (tracks 1 and 4)
  • Rich Harrison – production (track 2), songwriting (track 2)
  • Eric Hunter – engineering (track 10)
  • Ty Hunter – styling
  • Charles Jackson – songwriting (track 8)
  • Fred Jerkins – songwriting (tracks 1 and 12)
  • Rodney Jerkins – instrumentation (tracks 1 and 3), production (tracks 1 and 3), songwriting (tracks 1 and 3)
  • Kimberly Kimble – hair
  • Beyoncé Knowles – backing vocals (all tracks), executive production, lead vocals (tracks 1–6 and 8–11), production (tracks 1–6 and 8–11), songwriting (tracks 1–6 and 8–11), vocal production (tracks 1–6 and 8–11)
  • Mathew Knowles – executive production
  • Solange Knowles – additional vocal production (track 7), songwriting (track 7)
  • Tina Knowles – styling direction
  • Lil Wayne – songwriting (track 2), vocals (track 2)
  • Fabian Marasciullo – additional vocal engineering (track 2)
  • Tony Maserati – mixing (tracks 1, 3, 9 and 11)
  • Gene McFadden – songwriting (track 5)
  • Fonce Mizell – songwriting (track 9)
  • Larry Mizell – songwriting (track 9)
  • Huy Nguyen – A&R
  • Dave Pensado – mixing (tracks 5, 6 and 8)
  • Eddie Robinson – songwriting (track 6)
  • Mally Roncal – make-up
  • Kelly Rowland – additional vocal production (tracks 1, 3 and 6), backing vocals (all tracks), executive production, lead vocals (all tracks), songwriting (all tracks)
  • Ric Rude – instrumentation (track 3), production (track 3) songwriting (track 3)
  • Dexter Simmons – mixing (tracks 2 and 10)
  • Rudy Sotomayor – make-up
  • Tim "Timmy Shakes" Stewart – guitar (track 3)
  • Dana "Rockwilder" Stinson – production (tracks 8 and 9), songwriting (tracks 8 and 9)
  • Phil Tan – mixing (track 7)
  • Tom Tapley – additional vocal engineering (track 2)
  • Sam Thomas – additional Pro-Tools editing (track 7)
  • T.I. – songwriting (track 2), vocals (track 2)
  • Jeff Villanueva – engineering (tracks 1 and 3)
  • Rommel Nino Villanueva – additional Pro-Tools Editing (tracks 2 and 8)
  • Robert Waller – songwriting (track 3)
  • John Whitehead – songwriting (track 5)
  • Teresa LaBarbera Whites – A&R
  • Erron Williams – production (track 11), songwriting (track 11)
  • Michelle Williams – additional vocal production (track 3), backing vocals (all tracks), executive production, lead vocals (tracks 1–6 and 8–11), songwriting (tracks 1–6 and 8–11)
  • Mario Winans – production (track 10), songwriting (track 10)
  • Juanita Wynn – vocal production (track 8)
  • Marvin Yancy – songwriting (track 8)

Charts

[edit]

Certifications

[edit]
Certifications and sales for Destiny Fulfilled
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[120] Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[111] Platinum 100,000^
Germany (BVMI)[177] Platinum 200,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[126] Platinum 250,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[123] Gold 7,500^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[178] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[179] Gold 20,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[114] 2× Platinum 600,000
United States (RIAA)[106] 3× Platinum 3,000,000^
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[119] Platinum 1,000,000*
Worldwide 7,000,000[128]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
Release dates and formats for Destiny Fulfilled
Region Date Edition(s) Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States November 8, 2004 Standard Streaming (MTV exclusive)
Japan November 10, 2004 CD Sony Music Japan
Denmark November 12, 2004 Sony BMG
United States CD (Trans World and Walmart exclusive)
  • Columbia
  • Sony Urban
Australia November 15, 2004 CD Sony BMG
Germany
United Kingdom Columbia
United States
  • Columbia
  • Sony Urban
November 16, 2004 Walmart exclusive Double CD
February 8, 2005
Japan April 6, 2005 Tour CD+DVD Sony Music Japan
Netherlands April 11, 2005 Sony BMG
Australia April 18, 2005
United Kingdom May 2, 2005 Columbia

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tracks 1–9 and 11
  2. ^ Track 4
  3. ^ a b Track 2
  4. ^ Track 3
  5. ^ Track 10
  6. ^ Beyoncé tied with Lauryn Hill, Alicia Keys and Norah Jones for the record, and later broke it at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards (2010), when she won six awards.[22]
  7. ^ Although Destiny Fulfilled had been available for streaming via MTV's official website since November 8 and exclusively at Walmart and Trans World since November 12,[53][54] only November 15 sales were counted by Nielsen SoundScan, as neither digital units nor exclusive titles were acknowledged by Nielsen SoundScan and Billboard at the time.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Moss, Corey. "Destiny's Child: Reunited And It Fells So Good". MTV. pp. 1–3. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Destiny's Child Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Destiny's Child Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "Destinys Child". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  6. ^ "Destined for a repeat success". The Sydney Morning Herald. November 1, 2004. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  7. ^ vanHorn, Teri (December 11, 2000). "Destiny's Child Solo CDs Won't Compete With Group, Each Other". MTV News. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Kelly Rowland pursues her own destiny". CNN. January 23, 2003. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  9. ^ "Michelle Williams Chart History (Top Gospel Albums)". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  10. ^ Bell, Foladé (August 29, 2008). "A New Destiny" (PDF). Radio & Records. Retrieved October 2, 2021 – via worldradiohistory.com.
  11. ^ Cortney M. Wills (19 June 2014). "EXCLUSIVE: Michelle Williams Dishes Details On 'Journey To Freedom' & Finding Her Voice". Cocoa Fab. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  12. ^ Simonson, Robert (November 18, 2003). "Destiny's Child Michelle Williams Plays Title Role in Bway's Aida, Nov. 18". Playbill. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  13. ^ "Kelly Rowland Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
  14. ^ "Complete list of Grammy nominees; ceremony set for Feb. 23". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. January 8, 2003. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 16, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  15. ^ Moss, Corey (July 22, 2002). "Nelly Hit Forces Change In Plans For Destiny's Child LPs". MTV News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  16. ^ Dansby, Andrew (October 29, 2002). "Santana Bumps Faith". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  17. ^ "American album certifications – Kelly Rowland – Simply Deep". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  18. ^ Mitchell, Gail (June 3, 2007). "Rowland steps into her own with 2nd album". Reuters. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
  19. ^ Miller, Daniel (August 30, 2011). "Kelly Rowland Signs with The Collective". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on September 8, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
  20. ^ Todd, Martens (July 2, 2003). "Beyonce, Branch Albums Storm The Chart". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Beyonce Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  22. ^ Jones, Sam; Whey, Simone (February 1, 2010). "Beyoncé hits Grammys for six". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 12, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  23. ^ Kaufman, Gil (June 13, 2005). "Destiny's Child's Long Road To Fame (The Song Isn't Called 'Survivor' For Nothing)". MTV News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  24. ^ Cho, Jaeki (May 20, 2011). "9th Wonder Tells All: The Stories Behind His Classic Records". Complex. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  25. ^ Nostro, Lauren (November 22, 2012). "Sean Garrett Tells All: The Stories Behind His Classic Records". Complex. p. 5. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  26. ^ a b Destiny's Child (2004). Destiny Fulfilled (CD). Columbia Records, Sony Urban Music.
  27. ^ a b c d e Vineyard, Jennifer (June 23, 2005). "Destiny's Child Talk Split: 'It's Not The End'". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 3, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  28. ^ Moss, Corey (July 9, 2004). "Destiny's Child Back In The Studio, So 'Shut Up!' Kelly Rowland Says". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  29. ^ Moss, Corey (October 29, 2004). "Beyonce Salutes Jay-Z On Destiny's Child Track 'Soldier'". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  30. ^ a b c d e Baker, Soren; Hilburn, Robert; Kuipers, Dean; Nichols, Natalie (November 14, 2004). "Destiny's glass only half full". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  31. ^ a b "Destiny Fulfilled". Billboard. November 20, 2004. Archived from the original on October 1, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  32. ^ a b c d Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Destiny Fulfilled: Destiny's Child". AllMusic. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  33. ^ a b c Sullivan, Caroline (November 12, 2004). "Destiny's Child, Destiny Fulfilled". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  34. ^ a b c d Henderson, Eric (2004). "Destiny's Child: Destiny Fulfilled". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  35. ^ a b c d Reynolds, Nick (December 1, 2004). "Destiny's Child: Destiny Fulfilled". BBC. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2008.
  36. ^ Breihan, Tom (September 29, 2004). "Destiny's Child: "Lose My Breath"". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  37. ^ a b c MacPherson, Alex (December 3, 2004). "Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled – Review". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  38. ^ a b c d e f Eliscu, Jenny (October 25, 2004). "Destiny's Child: Destiny Fulfilled". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h Ehrlich, Dimitri (January 3, 2005). "Destiny's Child- Destiny Fulfilled (Columbia)". Vibe. Vol. 13, no. 1. Vibe Media. Archived from the original on October 20, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  40. ^ "Destiny's Child: It's all about glamour". The Times of India. November 17, 2004. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  41. ^ Smithouser, Bob; Eaton, Loren. "Destiny Fulfilled". Plugged In. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  42. ^ a b c d Sinclair, Tom (November 26, 2004). "Destiny Fulfilled (2004): Destiny's Child". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  43. ^ a b Sanneh, Kelefa (November 22, 2004). "Critic's Choice: New CD's". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  44. ^ a b Ranta, Alan. "Destiny's Child". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  45. ^ a b Cohen, Jonathan (September 9, 2004). "'Breath' Of Fresh Air: Destiny's Child Returns". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 23, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  46. ^ Malcolm, Chris (September 10, 2004). "Breathless for NFL". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  47. ^ a b Cohen, Jonathan (October 15, 2004). "Destiny's Child Sets 'Fulfilled' Track List". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2008.
  48. ^ Escobedo Shepherd, Julianne (January 31, 2013). "10 Iconic Destiny's Child Performance Outfits In Honor Of Super Bowl Reunion Rumors". MTV Style. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  49. ^ "Destiny's Child Reunion". Oprah Winfrey. November 15, 2004. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  50. ^ Jacobs, Matthew (September 13, 2013). "Best 'TRL' Moments Recall Appearances From Mariah Carey, Britney Spears And More MTV Stars". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  51. ^ Wetten, dass..?. Season 1. Episode 151. November 13, 2004. ZDF, ORF, Schweizer Fernsehen.
  52. ^ a b Horwitz, Carolyn; L.A.; Jeckell, Barry A. (November 5, 2004). "New Dates With Destiny: CD, Tour". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  53. ^ a b c d e Mitchell, Gail (November 27, 2004). "Destiny's Return". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 48. pp. 3, 63. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023 – via Google Books.
  54. ^ a b c Christman, Ed (November 27, 2004). "'Tis The Season For Street-Date Violations". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 48. p. 41. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023 – via Google Books. Whatever the circumstances, when "Destiny Fulfilled" appeared in Wal-Mart stores Nov. 12, all hell broke loose.
  55. ^ a b "Destiny Fulfilled [DualDisc] – Destiny's Child". Columbia Records. February 8, 2005. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  56. ^ "Vibe". Vibe Vixen. Vol. 14, no. 5. Vibe Media. October 2006. p. 100. ISSN 1070-4701. Retrieved July 12, 2014.[permanent dead link]
  57. ^ Morales, Tatiana (December 8, 2004). "Destiny's Child 'Fulfilled'". CBS News. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  58. ^ Top of the Pops. Season 42. Episode 5. February 2005. BBC.
  59. ^ "Destiny's Child, LeAnn Rimes and Big & Rich Headline Entertainment". National Basketball Association. February 17, 2005. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  60. ^ "A few more chances to catch Destiny". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. June 17, 2005. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  61. ^ Moss, Corey (June 29, 2005). "Destiny's Child Give Lap Dances, Fugees End Feud At BET Awards". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  62. ^ "BET Awards 2005". BET. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  63. ^ Reid, Shaheem (August 1, 2005). "Destiny's Child Rise To The Occasion For Final NYC Show". MTV News. Archived from the original on August 4, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  64. ^ a b Destiny's Child (2005). Destiny Fulfilled (Tour Edition) (CD+DVD). United Kingdom: Columbia Records.
  65. ^ Adenitire, Adenike (June 8, 2005). "Destiny's Child Put On A Fashion Show At U.K. Concert". MTV News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2005. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  66. ^ a b Kaufman, Gil (June 12, 2005). "Destiny's Child Announce Split". MTV News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2005. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  67. ^ "Live in Atlanta – Destiny's Child". AllMusic. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  68. ^ "Destiny's Child Chart History (Music Video Sales)". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  69. ^ "American video certifications – Destiny's Child – Live in Atlanta". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  70. ^ Mitchell, Gail (October 2, 2004). "Essential Reviews". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 40. p. 32. ISSN 0006-2510.
  71. ^ "Lose My Breath – Single by Destiny's Child". iTunes Store (US). Apple Inc. September 21, 2004. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
  72. ^ Whitmire, Margo (October 21, 2004). "'Boo!': Usher, Keys Scare Up No. 1 Single". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  73. ^ a b "Destiny's Child Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  74. ^ "U2 Bombs U.K. Album Chart". Billboard. November 29, 2004. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  75. ^ "Destiny's Child – Lose My Breath" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  76. ^ "Songs Used to Promote The NBA". BET. p. 11. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  77. ^ a b c d Destiny's Child (2013). Video Anthology (DVD). Columbia Records, Legacy Recordings.
  78. ^ a b "Past VMAs | 2005". MTV. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  79. ^ "Going for Adds" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1580. November 5, 2004. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  80. ^ a b c "Destiny's Child". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  81. ^ "Destiny's Child feat. T.I. and Lil Wayne – Soldier". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Archived from the original on September 21, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  82. ^ "R&R Canada CHR/Pop Top 30" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1589. January 14, 2005. p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  83. ^ "Going for Adds" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1597. March 11, 2005. p. 47. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
  84. ^ "Destiny's Child – Girl". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  85. ^ "Going for Adds" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1609. June 3, 2005. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  86. ^ "Destiny's Child – Cater 2 U". Top 40 Singles. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  87. ^ "Got's My Own – Single". United Kingdom: iTunes Store. May 3, 2005. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  88. ^ a b "Destiny Fulfilled by Destiny's Child". Metacritic. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  89. ^ "Destiny Fulfilled". Blender. Alpha Media Group. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  90. ^ Larkin 2007, p. 641
  91. ^ "Destiny's Child "Destiny Fulfilled"". E! Online. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  92. ^ Battaglia, Andy (November 22, 2004). "Destiny's Child: Destiny Fulfilled". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  93. ^ Godfrey, Sarah (November 17, 2004). "'Fulfilled': Destiny's Child, All Grown Up". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  94. ^ "Usher, Alicia Keys Win 4 Soul Train Awards". Associated Press. March 1, 2005. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2023 – via Fox News.
  95. ^ "第19回日本ゴールドディスク大賞" [19th Japan Gold Disc Awards] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  96. ^ "Destiny, Mariah, Ciara Lead Soul Train Awards". Billboard. September 8, 2005. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  97. ^ "Ali B. En Brace winnen Dutch MOBO Award" [Ali B. And Brace win Dutch MOBO Award]. Trouw (in Dutch). September 26, 2005. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  98. ^ Jeckell, Barry A. (November 23, 2005). "AMAs Honor Pop, Rock, Country". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 1, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  99. ^ Mitchell, Gail (January 14, 2006). "Destiny's Child". Billboard. Vol. 118, no. 2. p. 29. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved July 12, 2014 – via Google Books.
  100. ^ "The 50 Worst Albums Ever!". Q (238). Bauer Media Group. May 2006. ISSN 0955-4955.
  101. ^ Whitmire, Margo (November 17, 2004). "Eminem Takes Early 'Encore' To No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  102. ^ Mayfield, Geoff (November 27, 2004). "Over the Counter". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 48. p. 53. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023 – via Google Books. Since "Destiny Fulfilled" was featured in many of the same ad programs as Eminem's Nov. 12-slated album, widespread transgressions ensued, giving Destiny's Child the distinction of the largest pre-street-date sum in Nielsen SoundScan's 14-year history (61,000 copies, good for No. 19 on The Billboard 200).
  103. ^ Whitmire, Margo (November 24, 2004). "Eminem Thankful To Remain No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  104. ^ a b c "Destiny's Child Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  105. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard. November 27, 2004. Archived from the original on May 15, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  106. ^ a b "American album certifications – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Recording Industry Association of America.
  107. ^ a b "Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 2005". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  108. ^ a b "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 2005". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  109. ^ "Beyoncé's Albums by the Numbers". Billboard. Vol. 121, no. 40. October 10, 2009. p. 46. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  110. ^ a b "Destiny's Child Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  111. ^ a b "Canadian album certifications – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Music Canada.
  112. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  113. ^ a b "Official R&B Albums Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  114. ^ a b "British album certifications – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  115. ^ a b c "Australiancharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  116. ^ "GFK Chart-Track". Irish Recorded Music Association. December 4, 2004. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  117. ^ "Lescharts.com – Album Top 100". Hung Medien. November 14, 2004. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  118. ^ a b "Eurocharts – Album Sales". Billboard. Vol. 116, no. 51. December 18, 2004. p. 43. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on April 17, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023 – via Google Books.
  119. ^ a b "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2004". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  120. ^ a b "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2004 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  121. ^ "Album Top 40". charts.nz. Hung Medien. November 22, 2004. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  122. ^ a b "Charts.nz – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  123. ^ a b "New Zealand album certifications – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Recorded Music NZ. February 14, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  124. ^ a b c デスティニーズ・チャイルド (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  125. ^ デスティニーズ・チャイルド (in Japanese). Japan: Oricon. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  126. ^ a b "Japanese album certifications – Destiny's Child – デスティニー・フルフィルド" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Select 2004年12月 on the drop-down menu
  127. ^ a b "Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2004" (PDF). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  128. ^ a b "Destiny Fulfilled | album by Destiny's Child". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  129. ^ Terrell, Dontaira (November 15, 2019). "'Destiny Fulfilled' Turns 15: Looking Back At Destiny's Child's Fifth And Final Album". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  130. ^ Cohen, Jonathan (June 12, 2005). "Destiny's Child To Split After Fall Tour". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  131. ^ a b Benson, John (August 1, 2005). "Destiny's Child Prepping DVD, Hits Set". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  132. ^ Moss, Corey (September 21, 2005). "Destiny's Child Look Back With #1's Before Going Their Separate Ways". MTV News. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  133. ^ "Live in Atlanta – Destiny's Child". Amazon. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  134. ^ "Destiny's Child". Hollywood Walk of Fame. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  135. ^ Arenofsky 2009
  136. ^ Concepcion, Mariel (March 12, 2007). "Oft-Delayed Kelly Rowland Album Due In June". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  137. ^ "Kelly Rowland Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  138. ^ Cohen, Sandy (June 27, 2007). "Hudson, Beyonce, T.I. Among BET Winners". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2023 – via The Washington Post.
  139. ^ Crosley, Hillary (September 27, 2007). "Billboard Bits: Beyonce, Bob Marley, Bragg/Brad". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  140. ^ Wood, Mikael. "Unexpected". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  141. ^ "DESTINY'S CHILD 'LOVE SONGS' COMING JANUARY 29TH – FEATURES NEWLY RECORDED SONG 'NUCLEAR'" (Press release). Legacy Recordings. January 10, 2013. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  142. ^ Destiny's Child (2004). Destiny Fulfilled (CD). United Kingdom: Columbia Records.
  143. ^ a b "Sony Music Online Japan : デスティニーズ・チャイルド : デスティニー・フルフィルド" (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
  144. ^ Destiny's Child (2005). Destiny Fulfilled (DualDisc). Columbia Records, Sony Urban Music.
  145. ^ Destiny's Child (2004). Destiny Fulfilled (double CD). Walmart: Columbia Records.
  146. ^ "ARIA Urban Albums Chart – Week Commencing 27th June 2005" (PDF). The ARIA Report (800). June 27, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-22. Retrieved April 15, 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  147. ^ "Austriancharts.at – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  148. ^ "Ultratop.be – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  149. ^ "Ultratop.be – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  150. ^ "R&B : Top 50". Jam!. December 2, 2004. Archived from the original on December 6, 2004. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  151. ^ "Danishcharts.dk – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  152. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  153. ^ "Destiny's Child: Destiny Fulfilled" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  154. ^ "Lescharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  155. ^ a b "Offiziellecharts.de – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  156. ^ "GFK Chart-Track Albums: Week 49, 2004". Chart-Track. IRMA. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  157. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  158. ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  159. ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  160. ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  161. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  162. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  163. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  164. ^ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Urban Albums 2004". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on March 4, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  165. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2004" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  166. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2004" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  167. ^ "Classement Albums – année 2004". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  168. ^ "Swiss Year-End Charts 2004". Swisscharts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on February 7, 2005. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  169. ^ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Albums 2005". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  170. ^ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Urban Albums 2004". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  171. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2005" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  172. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2005" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 2012-06-18. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  173. ^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts (2005)" (in German). Offizielle Deutsche Charts. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  174. ^ "アルバム 年間ランキング-Oricon Style ランキング" (in Japanese). Oricon. 2005. Archived from the original on February 3, 2006. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  175. ^ "Swiss Year-End Charts 2005". Swisscharts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on February 13, 2006. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  176. ^ "Billboard Charts – Decade-End Albums – Billboard 200". Billboard.biz. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  177. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Destiny's Child; 'Destiny Fulfilled')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  178. ^ "Spanish album certifications" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved August 29, 2022. Select Álbumes under "Categoría", select 2004 under "Año". Select 53 under "Semana". Click on "BUSCAR LISTA".
  179. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Destiny Fulfilled')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  180. ^ "Destiny's Child • Destiny Fulfilled (CD) [Bonus Tracks edition]" (in Danish). Denmark: iMusic. November 12, 2004. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  181. ^ "ARIA New Releases Albums – Week Commencing 15th November 2004" (PDF). The ARIA Report. No. 768. Australian Recording Industry Association. November 15, 2004. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2004. Retrieved March 13, 2023 – via Pandora archive.
  182. ^ "New Releases" (PDF). Music Week. November 13, 2004. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023 – via World Radio History.
  183. ^ "Destiny's Child – Destiny Fulfilled – CD". Walmart. November 16, 2004. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  184. ^ "デスティニー・フルフィルド(来日記念盤)" [Destiny Fulfilled (Japan Commemorative Edition)] (in Japanese). Japan: Oricon. April 6, 2005. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  185. ^ "Fulfilled–Tour Edition, Destiny's Child" (in Dutch). Netherlands: Bol. April 11, 2005. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  186. ^ "ARIA New Releases DVDs – Week Commencing 18th April 2005" (PDF). The ARIA Report. No. 790. Australian Recording Industry Association. April 18, 2005. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 20, 2005. Retrieved March 21, 2023 – via Pandora archive.
  187. ^ "Destiny Fulfilled Special Tour Edition [CD + DVD]". United Kingdom: Columbia Records. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.

Bibliography

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]