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User CPES sandbox
- Serotonin Syndrome 2013_10_26 ***************************
Notable cases
[edit]
The most notorious case of serotonin syndrome involved the death of 18-year-old Bennington College freshman Libby Zion on March 5, 1984.[1]
She had an ongoing history of depression, and came to the Manhattan hospital . The emergency room physicians were unable to diagnose her condition definitively, but admitted her for hydration and observation. Her death was caused by a combination of pethidine (aka meperidine [Demerol]) and phenelzine.[2] A medical intern prescribed the pethidine.[3] The case had an impact on graduate medical education and residency work hours. Limits were set on working hours for medical post graduates, commonly referred to as interns or residents, in hospital training programs, and they also now require closer senior physician supervision.[4]
BING 2013_09_11
- edited 2013_09_11*************************
Bing is a web search engine from Microsoft, who advertised it as a "decision engine"[5]
Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, unveiled Live Searchon May 28, 2009, at the All Things Digital conference in San Diego, California. The release date was June 1, 2009.[6]
Helps People Make Better Decisions: Decision Engine goes beyond search to help customers deal with information overload |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=29 May 2009}}</ref> Notable changes include the listing of search suggestions while queries are entered and a list of related searches (called "Explore pane") based on[7] semantic technology from Powerset, which Microsoft purchased in 2008.[8]
- original 2013_09_11************************
Bing (known previously as Live Search, Windows Live Search, and MSN Search) is a web search engine (advertised as a "decision engine"[9]) from Microsoft.
Bing was unveiled by Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer on May 28, 2009, at the All Things Digital conference in San Diego, California, for release on June 1, 2009.[10] Notable changes include the listing of search suggestions while queries are entered and a list of related searches (called "Explore pane") based on[11] semantic technology from Powerset, which Microsoft purchased in 2008.[12]
On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced a deal in which Bing would power Yahoo! Search.[13] All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners were expected to have made the transition by early 2012.[14]
In October 2011, Microsoft stated that they were working on new back-end search infrastructure with the goal of delivering faster and slightly more relevant search results for users. Known as "Tiger", the new index-serving technology has been incorporated into Bing globally since August 2011.[15] In May 2012, Microsoft announced another redesign of its search engine that includes "Sidebar", a social feature that searches users' social networks for information relevant to the search query.[16]
History
[edit]MSN Search
[edit]MSN Search was a search engine by Microsoft that consisted of a search engine, index, and web crawler. MSN Search first launched in the third quarter of 1998 and used search results from Inktomi. In early 1999, MSN Search launched a version which displayed listings from Looksmart blended with results from Inktomi except for a short time in 1999 when results from AltaVista were used instead. Since then Microsoft upgraded MSN Search to provide its own self-built search engine results, the index of which was updated weekly and sometimes daily. The upgrade started as a beta program in November 2004, and came out of beta in February 2005. Image search was powered by a third party, Picsearch. The service also started providing its search results to other search engine portals in an effort to better compete in the market.
Windows Live Search
[edit]The first public beta of Windows Live Search was unveiled on March 8, 2006, with the final release on September 11, 2006 replacing MSN Search. The new search engine used search tabs that include Web, news, images, music, desktop, local, and Microsoft Encarta.
In the roll-over from MSN Search to Windows Live Search, Microsoft stopped using Picsearch as their image search provider and started performing their own image search, fueled by their own internal image search algorithms.[17]
Assassination of FF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria
Background
[edit]Kingdom of Serbia
[edit]Under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, Austria-Hungary received a mandate to occupy and administer the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina while the Ottoman Empire retained sovereignty. Under the treaty, Serbia was at last recognized by the great powers as a sovereign state, the Kingdom of Serbia. Initially, Serbia was content to live within its small borders, which encompassed only a fraction of the ethnic Serbians living in the Balkan area.
This changed in 1903 when Serbian military officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijević stormed the Serbian royal palace. After a fierce battle in the dark they captured General Laza Petrović, head of the palace guard, and forced him to reveal that King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, were hiding in a clothes closet.[18]
The killers shot the King thirty times, the Queen eighteen. MacKenzie writes, "The royal corpses were then stripped and brutally sabred."[19] Then the two bodies were thrown out of a palace window, ending any threat that loyalists would mount a counter attack. They then killed Petrović. At a later date, Vojislav Tankosić organized the murder of Queen Draga's brothers, Nikola and Nikodije Lunjevica. The conspirators installed Peter I of the House of Karađorđević as the new king. In 1913–1914, Dimitrijević and Tankosić were to figure prominently in the plot to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
Serbian nationalism
[edit]
The Karađorđević dynasty was more nationalistic,[18] and strongly supported by Russia.[18] It was also less friendly to Austria-Hungary. In 1906, Serbia ordered arms from the French rather than from the Bohemian Skoda works. Austria-Hungary retaliated by banning the import of Serbian livestock.[20] As pigs were Serbia's main export to Austria-Hungary, this became known as the "Pig War".
Over the next decade, Serbia's moves to build its power and reclaim its 14th century empire caused friction with its neighbors. The Bosnian crisis of 1908–1909, when Serbia protested about Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, ended in a Serbian climb-down in March 1909. Following this, in the two Balkan wars of 1912–1913, Serbia conquered Macedonia and Kosovo, taking these provinces from Turkey and Bulgaria.
Serbia's military successes and their outrage about Austro-Hungaria's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina emboldened nationalistic Serbs both in Serbia and in Austria-Hungary - where they chafed under Austria-Hungarian rule and were stirred by Serbian "cultural" organizations. In the five years before 1914, lone assassins – mostly Serbians living under Austria-Hungarian rule – made a series of unsuccessful attempts on the lives of Austro-Hungarian officials in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The assassins received only sporadic support from Serbia. The most notorious was Bogdan Žerajić's attempt to murder the iron-fisted Governor of Bosnia-Herzegovina, General Marijan Verešanin, on 15 June 1910. Žerajić was a 22-year-old orthodox Serb from Nevesinje, Herzegovina, who made frequent trips to Belgrade.[21] Just 12 days before the attempt on Verešanin, Žerajić had aborted an attempt on the life of Emperor Franz Joseph.[22]
Verešanin became vehemently hated by the Serbs when he used the army to crush the last Bosnian peasant uprising in the second half of 1910.[23] The five bullets Žerajić fired at Verešanin and the fatal bullet he put in his own brain made Žerajić an inspiration to future Serbian assassins, including Gavrilo Princip and his accomplice Nedjelko Čabrinović. Princip said that Žerajić "was my first model. When I was seventeen I passed whole nights at his grave, reflecting on our wretched condition and thinking of him. It is there that I made up my mind sooner or later to perpetrate an outrage."[24]
Franz Ferdinand advocated trialism, whereby Austria-Hungary would incorporate the Slavic lands as a third kingdom.[25] This would have been a bulwark against Serb irredentism, therefore the nationalists saw Franz Ferdinand as a threat to their extreme objectives.[citation needed] Gavrilo Princip later told the court that one of his motivations for assassinating Franz Ferdinand was to prevent the Archduke's planned reforms.[citation needed]
Royal visit
[edit]
In late June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Bosnia to observe military maneuvers and open the state museum in Sarajevo in its new premises. He was accompanied by his wife.[26] As a "Czech countess [she] was treated as a commoner at the Austrian court".[27] Emperor Franz Joseph had only consented to a morganatic marriage so that their descendants would never ascend the Austrian throne. Their 14th wedding anniversary was on 28 June 1914 and they were happy to celebrate it far from Vienna. As historian A. J. P. Taylor observes:
[Sophie] could never share [Franz Ferdinand's] rank ... could never share his splendours, could never even sit by his side on any public occasion. There was one loophole ... his wife could enjoy the recognition of his rank when he was acting in a military capacity. Hence, he decided, in 1914, to inspect the army in Bosnia. There, at its capital Sarajevo, the Archduke and his wife could ride in an open carriage side by side ... Thus, for love, did the Archduke go to his death.[28]
After Mass, on 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his party travelled by train from Ilidža Spa to Sarajevo.[26] It was 28 June which Serbians call Vidovdan in commemoration of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo against the Ottomans. At the conflict the Sultan was assassinated in his tent by a Serb. Vidovdan is an occasion for Serbian patriotic observances.
WIP
[edit]Franz Ferdinand
[edit]As a "Czech countess [she] was treated as a commoner at the Austrian court".[29] Emperor Franz Joseph had only consented to a morganatic marriage so that their descendants would never ascend the Austrian throne. Their 14th wedding anniversary was on 28 June 1914 and they were happy to celebrate it far from Vienna. As historian A. J. P. Taylor observes:
[Sophie] could never share [Franz Ferdinand's] rank ... could never share his splendours, could never even sit by his side on any public occasion. There was one loophole ... his wife could enjoy the recognition of his rank when he was acting in a military capacity. Hence, he decided, in 1914, to inspect the army in Bosnia. There, at its capital Sarajevo, the Archduke and his wife could ride in an open carriage side by side ... Thus, for love, did the Archduke go to his death.[30]
Serbia
[edit]Kingdom of Serbia
[edit]Under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, Austria-Hungary received a mandate to occupy and administer the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina while the Ottoman Empire retained sovereignty. Under the treaty, Serbia was at last recognized by the great powers as a sovereign state, the Kingdom of Serbia. Initially, Serbia was content to live within its small borders, which encompassed only a fraction of the ethnic Serbians living in the Balkan area.
This changed in 1903 when Serbian military officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijević stormed the Serbian royal palace. After a fierce battle in the dark they captured General Laza Petrović, head of the palace guard, and forced him to reveal that King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, were hiding in a clothes closet.[18]
The killers shot the King thirty times, the Queen eighteen. MacKenzie writes, "The royal corpses were then stripped and brutally sabred."[31] Then the two bodies were thrown out of a palace window, ending any threat that loyalists would mount a counter attack. They then killed Petrović. At a later date, Vojislav Tankosić organized the murder of Queen Draga's brothers, Nikola and Nikodije Lunjevica. The conspirators installed Peter I of the House of Karađorđević as the new king. In 1913–1914, Dimitrijević and Tankosić were to figure prominently in the plot to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
Nationalism
[edit]The Karađorđević dynasty was more nationalistic,[18] and strongly supported by Russia.[18] It was also less friendly to Austria-Hungary. In 1906, Serbia ordered arms from the French rather than from the Bohemian Skoda works. Austria-Hungary retaliated by banning the import of Serbian livestock.[20] As pigs were Serbia's main export to Austria-Hungary, this became known as the "Pig War".
Over the next decade, Serbia's moves to build its power and reclaim its 14th century empire caused friction with its neighbors. The Bosnian crisis of 1908–1909, when Serbia protested about Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, ended in a Serbian climb-down in March 1909. Following this, in the two Balkan wars of 1912–1913, Serbia conquered Macedonia and Kosovo, taking these provinces from Turkey and Bulgaria.
Serbia's military successes and their outrage about Austro-Hungaria's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina emboldened nationalistic Serbs both in Serbia and in Austria-Hungary - where they chafed under Austria-Hungarian rule and were stirred by Serbian "cultural" organizations. In the five years before 1914, lone assassins – mostly Serbians living under Austria-Hungarian rule – made a series of unsuccessful attempts on the lives of Austro-Hungarian officials in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The assassins received only sporadic support from Serbia. The most notorious was Bogdan Žerajić's attempt to murder the iron-fisted Governor of Bosnia-Herzegovina, General Marijan Verešanin, on 15 June 1910. Žerajić was a 22-year-old orthodox Serb from Nevesinje, Herzegovina, who made frequent trips to Belgrade.[32] Just 12 days before the attempt on Verešanin, Žerajić had aborted an attempt on the life of Emperor Franz Joseph.[33]
Verešanin became vehemently hated by the Serbs when he used the army to crush the last Bosnian peasant uprising in the second half of 1910.[34] The five bullets Žerajić fired at Verešanin and the fatal bullet he put in his own brain made Žerajić an inspiration to future Serbian assassins, including Gavrilo Princip and his accomplice Nedjelko Čabrinović. Princip said that Žerajić "was my first model. When I was seventeen I passed whole nights at his grave, reflecting on our wretched condition and thinking of him. It is there that I made up my mind sooner or later to perpetrate an outrage."[35]
Franz Ferdinand advocated trialism, whereby Austria-Hungary would incorporate the Slavic lands as a third kingdom.[25] This would have been a bulwark against Serb irredentism, therefore the nationalists saw Franz Ferdinand as a threat to their extreme objectives.[citation needed] Gavrilo Princip later told the court that one of his motivations for assassinating Franz Ferdinand was to prevent the Archduke's planned reforms.[citation needed]
Royal visit
[edit]In late June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Bosnia to observe military maneuvers and open the state museum in Sarajevo in its new premises. He was accompanied by his wife.[26]
After Mass, on 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his party travelled by train from Ilidža Spa to Sarajevo.[26] It was 28 June which Serbians call Vidovdan in commemoration of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo against the Ottomans. At the conflict the Sultan was assassinated in his tent by a Serb. Vidovdan is an occasion for Serbian patriotic observances.
Sarajevo trial
[edit]Name Sentence Outcome Remarks Gavrilo Princip 20 years in prison Died of tuberculosis in prison 28 April 1918 Killer Nedjelko Čabrinović 20 years in prison Died of tuberculosis in prison 23 January 1916 Threw bomb Trifun Grabež 20 years in prison Died of tuberculosis in prison February 1918 Vaso Čubrilović 16 years in prison Released November 1918 (died 1990) Cvjetko Popović 13 years in prison Released November 1918 Lazar Djukić 10 years in prison Served sentence Danilo Ilić Death by hanging Executed 3 February 1915 Veljko Čubrilović Death by hanging Executed 3 February 1915 Nedjo Kerović Death by hanging Commuted to 20 years in prison by Kaiser Franz Joseph based on Finance Minister's recommendation Mihaijlo Jovanović Death by hanging Executed 3 February 1915 Jakov Milović Death by hanging Commuted to life in prison by Kaiser Franz Joseph based on court and Finance Minister's recommendation Mitar Kerović Life in prison Served sentence Ivo Kranjcević 10 years in prison Served sentence Branko Zagorac 3 years in prison Served sentence Marko Perin 3 years in prison Served sentence Cvijan Stjepanović 7 years in prison Served sentence Nine Defendants Acquitted -
- ^ Brody, Jane (February 27, 2007). "A Mix of Medicines That Can Be Lethal". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
The death of Libby Zion. She died eight hours after emergency admission into the New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center.on the evening of March 4, 1984, with a fever, agitation and "strange jerking motions" of her body. She also seemed disoriented at times This led to a highly publicized court battle and created a cause célèbre over the lack of supervision of inexperienced and overworked young doctors. But only much later did experts zero in on the preventable disorder that apparently led to Zion's death: a form of drug poisoning called serotonin syndrome.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); line feed character in|quote=at position 25 (help) - ^ Asch DA, Parker RM (1988). "The Libby Zion case. One step forward or two steps backward?". N Engl J Med. 318 (12): 771–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM198803243181209. PMID 3347226.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Jan Hoffman (January 1, 1995). "Doctors' Accounts Vary In Death of Libby Zion". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- ^ Brensilver JM, Smith L, Lyttle CS (1998). "Impact of the Libby Zion case on graduate medical education in internal medicine". Mt Sinai J Med. 65 (4): 296–300. PMID 9757752.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Welcome to Discover Bing". Discover Bing. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
- ^ {{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2009/may09/05-28NewSearchPR.mspx?rss_fdn=Press%20Releases |title=Microsoft’s New Search at Bing.com
- ^ "Microsoft Bing rides open source to semantic search". The Register. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- ^ "Microsoft to Acquire Powerset". Bing. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Welcome to Discover Bing". Discover Bing. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
- ^ "Microsoft's New Search at Bing.com Helps People Make Better Decisions: Decision Engine goes beyond search to help customers deal with information overload". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
- ^ "Microsoft Bing rides open source to semantic search". The Register. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- ^ "Microsoft to Acquire Powerset". Bing. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Microsoft and Yahoo seal web deal". BBC. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 10 may 2012.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "When will the change happen? How long will the transition take?". Yahoo!. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
- ^ "Bing Unleashing Tiger to Speed Search Results". Search Engine Watch. 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ Goldman, David (10 may 2012). "Bing fires at Google with new social search". CNN Money. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Chris Sherman (11 September 2006). "Microsoft Upgrades Live Search Offerings". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Ponting (2002, pp. 17)
- ^ MacKenzie pp. 22
- ^ a b Strachan (2001, pp. 36)
- ^ Dedijer pp. 243
- ^ Dedijer pp. 240-2
- ^ Dedijer pp. 203–4
- ^ Albertini (1953, pp. 50)
- ^ a b Gilbert (1994, pp. 17)
- ^ a b c d Dedijer pp. 9
- ^ Strachan (2001, pp. 58)
- ^ Taylor (1963, pp. 13)
- ^ Strachan (2001, pp. 58)
- ^ Taylor (1963, pp. 13)
- ^ MacKenzie pp. 22
- ^ Dedijer pp. 243
- ^ Dedijer pp. 240-2
- ^ Dedijer pp. 203–4
- ^ Albertini (1953, pp. 50)