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Sun Hung Kai Properties

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Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited
Company typePublic
ISINHK0016000132
IndustryReal estate
PredecessorSun Hung Kai Enterprises
Founded
  • 1963; 61 years ago (1963) in Hong Kong (as SHK Enterprises)
  • 1972; 52 years ago (1972) in Hong Kong (as SHK Properties)[1]
Founder
HeadquartersSun Hung Kai Centre,
Wan Chai
,
Hong Kong
Key people
Raymond Kwok, Chairman and Managing Director
ProductsProperty development, property investment, property management, hotels, telecommunications, information technology and infrastructure
RevenueIncrease HK$85.26 billion (2021)
Increase HK$36.67 billion (2021)
Increase HK$27.44 billion (2021)
Total assetsDecrease HK$796.42 billion (2021)
Total equityIncrease HK$599.63 billion (2021)
Number of employees
About 38,000
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese新鴻基地產發展有限公司
Simplified Chinese新鸿基地产发展有限公司
Literal meaningSun Hung Kai real estate development limited company
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXīnhóngjī Dìchǎn Fāzhǎn Yǒuxiàngōngsī
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingsan1 hung4 gei1 dei6 caan2 faat3 zin2 jau5 haan6 gung1 si1
short name
Traditional Chinese新鴻基地產
Simplified Chinese新鸿基地产
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXīnhóngjī Dìchǎn
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingsan1 hung4 gei1 dei6 caan2
Websitewww.shkp.com

Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited (SHKP) is a listed corporation and one of the largest property developers in Hong Kong. The company's businesses include property sales, property rental, telecommunications (SmarTone, SUNeVision), hotel operation, transport and logistics, and others. The company is controlled by the Kwok family trust, largely the Kwok brothers.[3]

History

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Early years

[edit]

The predecessor of the group, Sun Hung Kai Enterprises Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 新鴻基企業有限公司), was founded in 1963 by Kwok Tak-seng, together with Fung King-hey and Lee Shau Kee.[2][4][5] The current legal entity of the holding company of the group, Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited, was incorporated on 14 July 1972 and was listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange on 23 August 1972.[1]

In 1973, SHKP acquired Hong Yip Service Company Limited.[6][non-primary source needed] In 1977, SHKP moved its head office to Connaught Centre, Central (now known as Jardine House).

In 1978, SHKP established Kai Shing Management Services Limited, a property manager.

In 1978, SHKP put on sale the first multi-block residential estate, Tsuen Wan Centre (first phase). Also in 1978, SHKP became one of the 33 constituent stocks listed on the Hang Seng Index.

In 1979, SHKP established Sun Hung Kai Properties Insurance Limited, which was a provider of general insurance.[7][non-primary source needed]

1980s and 1990s

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In 1981, SHKP acquired an interest in Kowloon Motor Bus, a public transport provider. The corporation moved its headquarters to Sun Hung Kai Centre, on an area of newly reclaimed land in Wan Chai, in 1982.

In 1991, SHKP acquired Wilson Parking.

In 1992, SHKP finished the construction of Central Plaza in Wan Chai, the tallest building in Asia at the time of completion. In the same year the company diversified into mobile telephony with the establishment of SmarTone, now one of Hong Kong's dominant mobile providers.[8] This subsidiary was listed in Hong Kong in 1996.[9]

In 1993, SHKP acquired World Trade Centre, Causeway Bay.[10] From the mid-1990s the company undertook property development related to the new airport railway, including sites at the Airport Express Hong Kong Station.

In 1998, Route 3 (Country Park Section) opened.[11]

In 1999, Shanghai Central Plaza commercial building was completed.[12]

21st century

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In 2000, SHKP won tender for Kowloon Station Development Packages 5, 6 & 7 – now the International Commerce Centre (ICC) complex.[6] The complex was finished in 2010. The main building became the tallest building in Hong Kong at the time of completion.

On 17 March 2000, SUNeVision Holdings Limited, a subsidiary of SHKP, was listed on the Growth Enterprise Market of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.

In 2001, SHKP established the residential leasing division Signature Homes.

In 2002, SHKP set up SHKP – Kwok's Foundation. The foundation has actively supported charitable projects, focusing on education and training projects.

In 2003, the first phases of YOHO Town in Yuen Long went on sale.[13] The same year, the company signed a land-use transfer agreement with Shanghai Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone Development Company for Shanghai IFC project.[14]

In 2005, SHKP opened APM, Hong Kong's first late-night retail centre.[15]

In 2005, SHKP acquired Seiyu (Sha Tin) Company Limited.

In 2009, Ma Wan Park Noah's Ark opened, the first Christian theme park in Hong Kong.[16]

In 2013, SHKP acquired a commercial site with 7.6 million square feet of gross floor area in the Shanghai Xujiahui district.[17]

In 2015, SHKP became Title and Charity Sponsor of the first Hong Kong Cyclothon.

In 2016, SHKP donated land in Yuen Long to Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui for the construction of an integrated service centre.[18]

In 2019, SHKP won the tender for the commercial site atop the West Kowloon High-Speed Rail Terminus. SHKP's bid of more than HK$42 billion won the 60,000 square metre site, which could be used for office, shopping and hotel developments.[19][20] The Kwok family invested HK$9.4 billion (US$1.2 billion) for a 25% stake in the office towers.[21]

Corruption probe

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In 2012, SHKP Executive Director Thomas Chan was arrested by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) on 19 March, along with eight people linked to the company on 29 March. Co-Chairmen Thomas Kwok and Raymond Kwok and five others were arrested by the ICAC as part of an extensive corruption probe. Rafael Hui, former Chief Secretary, was also taken in for questioning. They were later released on bail. The probe caused a 15 per cent fall in the company's share price.[22]

In December 2014, the jury convicted Thomas Kwok and Rafael Hui of HK$8,500,000 bribery, and Hui was convicted of four more charges relating to misconduct in public office. The jury acquitted Raymond Kwok of all charges.[23][24]

List of chairmen

[edit]
  1. Kwok Tak-seng (1972–1990); founder
  2. Walter Kwok (1990–2008); oldest son of Kwok Tak-seng
  3. Kwong Siu-hing (2008–2011); wife of Kwok Tak-seng
  4. Raymond Kwok and Thomas Kwok (2011–2014); joint chairmen, younger sons of Kwok Tak-seng
  5. Raymond Kwok (2014– ); youngest son of Kwok Tak-seng

Business development

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Projects

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The International Finance Centre Tower 2 and the International Commerce Centre are the tallest buildings in Hong Kong.

In 1996, SHKP was the lead developer which had bid the sum of HK$5.5 billion to acquire the rights to develop Hong Kong's second-tallest building, the International Finance Centre. The MTR Corporation was a partner in the venture.[25] Sun Hung Kai Properties, owns 47.5 per cent of the development, Henderson Land Development, whose chairman Lee Shau Kee sits on the SHKP board,[26] took a 32.5 per cent stake in the project. SHKP also built the International Commerce Centre, the tallest building in Hong Kong.

Internal sale opacity

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In 2005, the developer was criticised for the lack of transparency in its public sale of residential properties to speculators and end-users.[27] The company was accused of the practice of "internal sales" of uncompleted units, the absence of sale price-lists, and also for hyping sales for flats in its The Arch development in West Kowloon by announcing inflated prices (per square metre) achieved. A buyer apparently paid HK$168 million, or HK$31,300 per square foot, for a 5,360-square-foot (498 m2) penthouse. Sweeteners were allegedly given (discounts given to the same purchaser on other units bought), but were excluded from the calculation. This allowed SHK to raise prices of the next batch of 500 units by 5–10 percent. But SHKP has denied the allegations.[28]

Sibling fallout

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On 18 February 2008, SHKP announced that Walter Kwok, chairman and chief executive, would take a "temporary leave of absence for personal reasons with immediate effect". Walter Kwok announced that he would take a "personal holiday", handing over his duties to his two younger brothers.[29]

The Standard reported that the elder Kwok was removed from his position by his mother, who is the controlling shareholder of the company, to protect the family interests. The journal revealed that Walter's mistress of 4 years has been wielding increasing power in the business, and causing friction with his brothers.[30]

The day after SHKP's announcement, its stock price declined against the general market. Corporate communications issued a second statement insisting that the business would not be affected and that Walter would resume his functions after his leave of 2 to 3 months. Walter's mistress, named by the press as Ida Tong Kam-Hing (唐錦馨), had apparently introduced property transactions valued at HK$4 billion to the Group or to the Kwoks' private investment vehicles. Company spokesmen stated that no person named Ida Tong was employed by the Group.[31][32]

On 29 February, tycoon and fellow board member Lee Shau Kee confirmed that Mrs. Kwok forced the leave of absence upon Walter over Ida Tong during the last board meeting.

On 16 May 2008, Walter filed a writ with the High Court which claimed that Walter reached an agreement with his mother and two brothers in February that he would return to his duties if certain conditions were met. Walter alleged that his two brothers violated the agreement by attempting to remove him despite having fulfilled the predefined criteria, including procuring at least two medical opinions showing he is fit to return. Walter secured a last-minute injunction to delay the vote, to allow more time for discussions.[33] On the sidelines of the dispute to remove Walter as chairman and CEO, Walter and his brothers claim the other(s) made major management decisions unwisely and without consultation.[34][35]

Financing and assets

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SHKP was publicly listed in 1972 and is one of the largest property companies in Hong Kong. It develops residential and commercial projects for sale and investment. It employs more than 38,000 people and its services include land acquisition, architecture, construction, engineering and property management. It achieved a revenue of HK$85,302 million in the financial year 2018/19, with a profit attributable to shareholders of HK$44,912 million. The majority of its revenues and operating profit were derived from property sales and rental.

Land bank

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As of 30 June 2019, the Group had a land bank in Hong Kong of 58.0 million square feet in terms of attributable gross floor area, consisting of 32.9 million square feet of completed investment properties and 25.1 million square feet of properties under development.

As of 30 June 2019, the Group held a land bank of 65.4 million square feet in terms of attributable gross floor area on the mainland, including 50.6 million square feet of properties under development and 14.8 million square feet of completed properties.

Credit ratings

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The Group has always attained the highest credit ratings among Hong Kong developers. Moody's gave the Group an A1 rating and Standard & Poor's gave the Group an A+ rating.[36]

Real estate development projects

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Hong Kong (residential)

[edit]
The Leighton Hill
Larvotto
The Arch
Royal Peninsula
Oscar by the Sea
Pristine Villa

Hong Kong (commercial)

[edit]

ICC

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The International Commerce Centre (ICC) in West Kowloon is the tallest building in Hong Kong, standing at 490m with 118 storeys. The development was also chosen as one of the world's top 125 most important works of architecture by Architectural Record in commemoration of the magazine's 125th anniversary.[37]

The tower opened in 2011. While most of the building is leased out as office spaces – ICC provides 2.5 million square feet of office space – the building also houses the Sky100 Hong Kong Observation Deck on the 100th floor as well as restaurants on the 101st floor, with the former providing a 360-degree view over the Victoria Harbour at 393 metres above the sea level. The Ritz-Carlton hotel occupies the building's 102nd to 118th floor. The world's highest swimming pool is located on the top floor as part of the hotel.[38]

The building also has LED lights on its facades for a light show, which has set a Guinness World Record for the "largest light and sound show on a single building". The show occurs twice a night, and can be viewed along both sides of the Victoria Harbour.[39]

The SHKP Vertical Run for Charity has been an annual event hosted by SHKP at ICC since 2012.[40]

IFC

[edit]

The International Finance Centre is an integrated commercial development, which includes the currently second tallest building in Hong Kong, only next to ICC.[41] Situated above the Hong Kong MTR station, the project was developed and owned by IFC Development, a consortium with SHKP as one of the members. The IFC project was completed in September 2006, providing a gross floor area of over 4 million square feet in total. It consists of two office towers – One IFC and Two IFC – the Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong, and the IFC mall.[42] Notable occupants of the development include the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, which purchased 14 floors in Two IFC in 2001.

The ifc mall in the IFC development has 4 floors of luxury retail shops and restaurants. It is also where Hong Kong's first Apple retail store is located.

Millennium City

[edit]

Millennium City is a multi-tower development project built along the Kwun Tong Road. By 2016, Phases 1–3, 5 and 6 have been completed.

Millennium City 1, the first to be completed and the largest of the Millennium City cluster, comprises a twin pair of 30-storey towers. The two towers combined provide a total of 1,230,000 square feet of commercial space.[43]

New Town Plaza

[edit]

New Town Plaza is an SHKP development located in Sha Tin, Hong Kong. The development project was completed in three phases (Phase 1: 9-storey shopping mall; Phase 2: Royal Park Hotel; Phase 3: private housing and a 3-storey shopping mall). New Town Plaza was the largest development of its kind in New Territories at its time of completion in the 1980s.[44]

Royal Park Hotel is connected to the metro station and New Town Plaza mall via a covered walkway and is close to local attractions such as Che Kung Temple, Sha Tin Racecourse and the Hong Kong Heritage Museum. Royal Park Hotel hosted Olympians competing in equestrian programmes during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympic Games.[45]

apm

[edit]

Opened in March 2005, apm is one of the largest shopping malls targeted at a younger generation of consumers.[46] The name APM is an amalgamation of AM and PM, reflecting how the shops in the mall operate with extended hours, allowing consumers to shop even at hours when most others shops are closed. APM has a lot of retail shops, restaurants and entertainment options, most of the open at least until midnight.[47]

In tune with the theme of being young and trendy, APM houses retail brands that are typically tailored for a younger audience. A cinema, game zone and a karaoke bar are some of the other amenities that visitors can find in the mall.[48]

Airport Freight Forwarding Centre

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Main article: Airport Freight Forwarding Centre

Transitional housing project - United Court

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SHKP announced that it will lease three plots of land to non-governmental organizations for 8 years for a nominal sum of HK$1. The donation will yield around 2,000 social housing units for low-income families waiting for public housing. The company will team up with the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council for the biggest project called United Court. When completed in 2022, United Court would provide homes for 1,600 families and ultimately benefit 5,000 families.[49][50]

Other businesses

[edit]

The company also has complimentary operations in the following property-related fields:

  • Hotels
  • Property management
  • Telecommunications
  • Information technology
  • Infrastructure and other businesses

It was once reported in a local newspaper that the company and Cheung Kong (Holdings) are together increasingly dominant in the development of new private homes, accounting for 70% of the market in 2010, up from around half of that in 2003. This concentration, with much of the rest of the market occupied by other very large firms, is attributed to the government's policy of auctioning land inexpensively large blocks, squeezing out small and mid-sized firms, according to the Consumer Council.[51]

Nevertheless, clarification was later made in the letters to editors column in the same newspaper that Sun Hung Kai Properties' overall share of primary residential sales in terms of attributable value from January to July 2010 has been approximately 20% – a figure that has been largely stable over the last few years.[52]

Construction and project management

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The subsidiary of SHKP, Sanfield (Management) Limited is the major construction project management company for the corporation's real estate development.[53] Established in 1974,[54] the company headquarter is located at Sun Hung Kai Centre. The company mainly provides construction service to SHKP to build private residential buildings, commercial office towers and comprehensive development.[55] In 2020, it had about 3000 employees.

Sanfield provides a wide range of related services to SHKP and third parties, including landscaping, provision of electrical- and fire-prevention systems as well as leasing of construction plant and machinery. Through an associate and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the company also supplies ready-mix concrete and precast concrete components to SHKP and external parties.[56][57] The company is also an accredited corporation for provide construction safety training and engineering training by Hong Kong Labour Department and The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.[58][59]

Its major projects include:

International Commerce Centre under construction in 2005
International Commerce Centre, tallest building in Hong Kong since 2010

Property management

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Hong Yip Service Company Limited and Kai Shing Management Services Limited are two of the main property management firms own by SHKP based in Hong Kong.[68]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "History and Milestones". Sun Hung Kai Properties. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "5 things about Sun Hung Kai's Kwok brothers and Hong Kong's biggest corruption trial". The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Who are the Kwok brothers?". BBC News. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  4. ^ 【四叔退休】李兆基為何叫「四叔」？ 在港發跡靠「三劍俠」. instant "wealth" news section. hket.com. Hong Kong Economic Times Holdings. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  5. ^ 新鴻基「三劍俠」名聲起 四叔身家1882億. Ming Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Media Chinese International. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  6. ^ a b "THE SHKP CHRONOLOGY – 30 YEARS AT A GLANCE" (PDF). Annual Report 2001/02 (Report). Sun Hung Kai Properties. 18 October 2002 – via Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing website.
  7. ^ "Business Directory - Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce".
  8. ^ "Hong Kong mobile network operator SmarTone looks to 'next stage of growth with new CEO". SCMP. 23 May 2016.
  9. ^ "Milestones - Our Company - Smartone". SmarTone. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  10. ^ "World Trade Centre gets huge facelift". SCMP. 19 October 1994.
  11. ^ "Highway project reaches end of road". SCMP. 25 May 1998.
  12. ^ "Property players vie for Shanghai 'Wall St' last gem". SCMP. 13 July 2005.
  13. ^ "YoHo Town sales spur property counters". SCMP. 8 July 2003.
  14. ^ "Lujiazui project". SCMP. 16 September 2004.
  15. ^ "Millennium City Phase V – APM". Fun in Kwun Tong. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  16. ^ "The Kwok Brothers Who Re-Created Noah's Ark". Bloomberg. 7 September 2012.
  17. ^ "SHKP wins bid for Shanghai city centre site with record price". SCMP. 5 September 2013.
  18. ^ "New social welfare facilities proposed by non-governmental organisation". HKSAR Government Press Release. 5 July 2016.
  19. ^ "Sun Hung Kai pays HK$42.2b for site atop West Kowloon station". The Standard. 27 November 2019.
  20. ^ "Sun Hung Kai bags a bargain with West Kowloon site". RTHK. 27 November 2019.
  21. ^ "Hong Kong's Kwok family boosts city with HK$9.4 billion cheque for stake in Sun Hung Kai towers atop West Kowloon station". SCMP. 16 December 2019.
  22. ^ Wong, Kelvin – Bloomberg News (30 March 2012). Sun Hung Kai Loses $5.8 Billion on Billionaire Kwoks' Arrest[permanent dead link]. San Francisco Chronicle.
  23. ^ "Former chief secretary Rafael Hui found guilty." RTHK English News. 19 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  24. ^ Lee Yimou; Ko, Lizzie (19 December 2014). "Hong Kong former official, property tycoon guilty in graft case." Reuters. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  25. ^ Bloomberg (18 June 2003). "Tenanting tallest tower looks likely to be a tall order". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
  26. ^ "Annual Report 2006" (PDF). Sun Hung Kai Properties. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  27. ^ Lau, Eli (19 May 2005). "Flats frenzy puts system in spotlight". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  28. ^ Wang, Raymond (20 May 2005). "Speculators may blow new bubble". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  29. ^ Press Release:Leave of absence of Chairman and Chief Executive Sun Hung Kai Properties, 18 February 2008
  30. ^ Staff reporter, "Lover feud splits Kwok brothers" Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 19 February 2008
  31. ^ "Walter will return, says SHK" (新地﹕郭炳湘將重返公司", Ming Pao, 20 February 2008
  32. ^ Staff reporter, "My ex-wife fell for a Kwok" Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 20 February 2008
  33. ^ Benjamin Scent, Katherine Ng & Stephanie Tong, "Sensational accusations fly as SHKP chairman takes his fight to court" Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 16 May 2008
  34. ^ Benjamin Scent, "Fallout over Chan appointment" Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 16 May 2008
  35. ^ Katherine Ng, "ICC rents caught in Kwok feud" Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 21 May 2008
  36. ^ "Credit Ratings". Sun Hung Kai Properties. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  37. ^ "RECORD's Top 125 Buildings: 101-125". Architectural Record.
  38. ^ "ICC Hong Kong's Tallest Building - The Union Square Complex and Sky 100". Hong Kong Traveller. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  39. ^ "International Commerce Centre". Discover Hong Kong. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  40. ^ "Vertical runners scale ICC's 2,120 stairs in just 12 minutes". Coconuts Hong Kong. 8 December 2015.
  41. ^ "IFC Hong Kong Profile". About.com Travel. 29 November 2015.
  42. ^ "HK's tallest building gets rent to match". SCMP. 1 February 2006.
  43. ^ "PROPERTY VALUATIONS" (PDF). HKex News. 21 October 2002.
  44. ^ "NEW TOWN PLAZA - THE BIGGEST SHOPPING MALL IN THE NEW TERRITORIES, HONG KONG". I Love Hong Kong. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  45. ^ "Medical team well prepared for the Equestrian Events". Hong Kong Government News. 31 July 2008.
  46. ^ "Millennium City Phase V – APM". Fun in Kwun Tong. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  47. ^ "APM - THE LARGEST SHOPPING MALL IN KWUN TONG, HONG KONG". I Love Hong Kong. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  48. ^ "apm". Next Stop Hong Kong. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  49. ^ "Sun Hung Kai Properties offers three parcels of land to help ease Hong Kong housing crisis amid social unrest". SCMP. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  50. ^ "Hong Kong property scion says social housing a top priority". The Business Times. 11 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  51. ^ Kwok, Vivian (12 August 2010). "Two developers tower over market". SCMP. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  52. ^ Letters to editors (1 September 2010). "Sun Hung Kai offers small flats". SCMP. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2010. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  53. ^ "Construction". Sun Hung Kai Properties. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  54. ^ 王玥晨 (30 August 2021). "元新輝建築暑期實習 傳授業內最新科技" [Sanfield Building Contractors providing summer internship at Yuen Long and promoting latest construction technology]. HK01 (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  55. ^ "[優異獎] 新輝(建築管理)有限公司" [[Merit Award] Sanfield (Management) Limited] (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong Productivity Council. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  56. ^ "Construction". Sun Hung Kai Properties. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  57. ^ Sandy Li (27 July 2021). "Hong Kong developers put their faith in technology to cut human error after New World's Pavilia Farm fiasco". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  58. ^ "Mandatory Basic Safety Training Courses (Construction Work)". Labour Department. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  59. ^ "List of Companies Approved to Offer Scheme "A" Graduate Training" (PDF). The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  60. ^ "新鴻基中心簡介" [Introduction to Sun Hung Kai Centre]. 華僑日報 (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong. 26 September 1980. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  61. ^ "Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong". Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Steel Construction (Hong Kong Branch). The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  62. ^ "Two International Finance Centre". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  63. ^ "The Arch". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  64. ^ "The Cullinan I". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  65. ^ "International Commerce Centre, Hong Kong". Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Steel Construction (Hong Kong Branch). The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  66. ^ "元朗兩天橋用全港首創「轉體式」裝嵌完畢 節省近6成夜間施工時間" [Two Bridges in Yuen Long has been installed with the first "swivel type mechanism" in Hong Kong, saving nearly 60% of the construction time at night]. 頭條日報 (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  67. ^ "Widening of Sai Sha Road". Gammon Construction Limited. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  68. ^ "Property Management". Sun Hung Kai Properties. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
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