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Outline of fluid dynamics

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fluid dynamics:

In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluidsliquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation.

Below is a structured list of topics in fluid dynamics.

What type of thing is fluid dynamics?

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Fluid dynamics can be described as all of the following:

  • An academic discipline – one with academic departments, curricula and degrees; national and international societies; and specialized journals.
  • A scientific field (a branch of science) – widely recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer-reviewed research is published.
    • A natural science – one that seeks to elucidate the rules that govern the natural world using empirical and scientific methods.
      • A physical science – one that studies non-living systems.
        • A branch of physics – study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
          • A branch of mechanics – area of mathematics and physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects.
            • A branch of continuum mechanics – subject that models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
              • A subdiscipline of fluid mechanics – branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them.
      • A biological science – field that studies the role of physical processes in living organisms. For an example of a biological area involving fluid dynamics, see hemodynamics.

Branches of fluid dynamics

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History of fluid dynamics

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History of fluid dynamics

Mathematical equations and concepts

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Types of fluid flow

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Fluid properties

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Fluid phenomena

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  • Balanced flow – Model of atmospheric motion
  • Boundary layer – Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
  • Coanda effect – Tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a convex surface
  • Convection cell – Cyclic flow of convection currents in a fluid
  • Convergence/Bifurcation – Linear mapping permuting rectangles of the same area
  • Darwin drift – phenomenon in fluid dynamics where a fluid parcel is permanently displaced after the passage of a body through a fluid
  • Drag (force) – Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
  • Droplet vaporization – Phenomenon in fluid dynamics
  • Hydrodynamic stability – Subfield of fluid dynamics
  • Kaye effect – Property of complex liquids
  • Lift (force) – Force perpendicular to flow of surrounding fluid
  • Magnus effect – Deflection in the path of a spinning object moving through a fluid
  • Ocean current – Directional mass flow of oceanic water
  • Ocean surface waves – Surface waves generated by wind on open water
  • Rossby wave – Inertial wave occurring in rotating fluids
  • Shock wave – Propagating disturbance
  • Soliton – Self-reinforcing single wave packet
  • Stokes drift – Average velocity of a fluid parcel in a gravity wave
  • Teapot effect – Phenomenon in fluid dynamics
  • Thread breakup
  • Turbulent jet breakup
  • Upstream contamination – Contaminants moving opposite of flow
  • Venturi effect – Reduced pressure caused by a flow restriction in a tube or pipe
  • Vortex – Fluid flow revolving around an axis of rotation
  • Water hammer – Pressure surge when a fluid is forced to stop or change direction suddenly
  • Wave drag – Aircraft aerodynamic drag at transonic and supersonic speeds due to the presence of shock waves
  • Wind – Natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface

Concepts in aerodynamics

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  • Aileron – Aircraft control surface used to induce roll
  • Airplane – Powered aircraft with wings
  • Angle of attack – Angle between the chord of a wing and the undisturbed airflow
  • Banked turn – Inclination of road or surface other than flat
  • Bernoulli's principle – Principle relating to fluid dynamics
  • Bilgeboard
  • Boomerang – Thrown tool and weapon
  • Centerboard – Retractable keel which pivots out of a slot in the hull of a sailboat
  • Chord (aircraft) – Imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil
  • Circulation control wing – Aircraft high-lift device
  • Currentology – Science that studies the internal movements of water masses
  • Diving plane – submarine control surface used to help control depth
  • Downforce – Downwards lift force created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle
  • Drag coefficient – Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance
  • Fin – Thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure
  • Flipper (anatomy) – Flattened limb adapted for propulsion and maneuvering in water
  • Flow separation – Detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake
  • Foil (fluid mechanics) – Solid object used in fluid mechanics
  • Fluid coupling – Device used to transmit rotating mechanical power
  • Gas kinetics – Study of the motion of gases
  • Hydrofoil – Type of fast watercraft and the name of the technology it uses
  • Keel – Lower centreline structural element of a ship or boat hull (hydrodynamic)
  • Küssner effect – Unsteady aerodynamic forces on an airfoil or hydrofoil caused by encountering a transverse gust
  • Kutta condition – Fluid dynamics principle regarding bodies with sharp corners
  • Kutta–Joukowski theorem – Formula relating lift on an airfoil to fluid speed, density, and circulation
  • Lift coefficient – Dimensionless quantity relating lift to fluid density and velocity over an area
  • Lift-induced drag – Type of aerodynamic resistance against the motion of a wing or other airfoil
  • Lift-to-drag ratio – Measure of aerodynamic efficiency
  • Lifting-line theory – Mathematical model to quantify lift
  • NACA airfoil – Wing shape
  • Newton's third law – Laws in physics about force and motion
  • Propeller – Device that transmits rotational power into linear thrust on a fluid
  • Pump – Device that imparts energy to the fluids by mechanical action
  • Rudder – Control surface for fluid-dynamic steering in the yaw axis
  • Sail – Fabric or other surface supported by a mast to allow wind propulsion (aerodynamics)
  • Skeg – Extension of a boat's keel at the back, also a surfboard's fin
  • Sound barrier – Sudden increase of undesirable effects when an aircraft approaches the speed of sound
  • Spoiler (automotive) – Device for reducing aerodynamic drag
  • Stall (flight) – Abrupt reduction in lift due to flow separation
  • Supersonic flow over a flat plate
  • Surfboard fin – part of a surfboard
  • Surface science – Study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases
  • Torque converter – Fluid coupling that transfers rotating power from a prime mover to a rotating driven load
  • Trim tab – Boat or aircraft component
  • Wing – Appendage used for flight
  • Wingtip vortices – Turbulence caused by difference in air pressure on either side of wing

Fluid dynamics research

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Methods used in fluid dynamics research

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Tools used in fluid dynamics research

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Applications of fluid dynamics

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  • Acoustics – Branch of physics involving mechanical waves
  • Aerodynamics – Branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air
  • Cryosphere science – Earth's surface where water is frozen
  • EFDC Explorer – Windows-based GUI for pre- and post processing of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code
  • Fluidics – Use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations
  • Fluid power – Use of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and transmit power
  • Geodynamics – Study of dynamics of the Earth
  • Hydraulic machinery – Type of machine that uses liquid fluid power to perform work
  • Meteorology – Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
  • Naval architecture – Engineering discipline of marine vessels
  • Oceanography – Study of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean
  • Plasma physics – State of matter
  • Pneumatics – Branch of engineering
  • 3D computer graphics – Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data

Fluid dynamics organizations

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Fluid dynamics publications

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Books on fluid dynamics

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Journals pertaining to fluid dynamics

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Persons influential in fluid dynamics

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Contributors to the field of fluid dynamics in turn come from a wide array of fields, and in addition to their other titles, each is also a fluid dynamicist. Following is a list of notable fluid dynamicists:

Miscellaneous concepts

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These topics need placement in the sections above, or in new sections.

References

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