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x264

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x264
Original author(s)Laurent Aimar
Developer(s)x264 team
Repository
Written inC, Assembly
TypeVideo encoder
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-later[1] (a proprietary licensing scheme is also available)[2]
Websitewww.videolan.org/developers/x264.html

x264 is a free and open-source software library and a command-line utility developed by VideoLAN for encoding video streams into the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding format.[2] It is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License.[2]

History

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x264 was originally developed by Laurent Aimar, who stopped development in 2004 after being hired by ATEME.[3][circular reference] Loren Merritt then took over development. Later, in 2008, Fiona Glaser joined the project. They both stopped contributing in 2014. Today, x264 is primarily developed by Anton Mitrofanov and Henrik Gramner.

Capabilities

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x264 provides a command line interface as well as an API. The former is used by many graphical user interfaces, such as Staxrip[4] and MeGUI.[5] The latter is used by many other interfaces, such as HandBrake[6] and FFmpeg.[7]

x264 implements a large number of features compared to other H.264 encoders.

Further information: H.264/MPEG-4 AVC § Software encoders

x264 contains some psychovisual enhancements which aim to increase the subjective video quality of the encoded video.

x264 has won awards in the following codec comparisons:

  • Third Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2006[11]
  • Fourth Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2007[12]
  • Fifth Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2009[13]
  • Sixth Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2010[14]
  • Seventh Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2011[15]
  • Eighth Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison, 2012[16]

x264 has SIMD assembly code acceleration on x86, PowerPC (using AltiVec), and ARMv7 (using NEON) platforms.

x264 is able to use Periodic Intra Refresh instead of keyframes, which enables each frame to be capped to the same size enabling each slice to be immediately transmitted in a single UDP or TCP packet and on arrival immediately decoded.[3] Periodic Intra Refresh can replace keyframes by using a column of intra blocks that move across the video from one side to the other, thereby "refreshing" the image. In effect, instead of a big keyframe, the keyframe is "spread" over many frames. The video is still seekable: a special header, called the SEI Recovery Point, tells the decoder to "start here, decode X frames, and then start displaying the video." This hides the refresh effect from the user while the frame loads. Motion vectors are restricted so that blocks on one side of the refresh column don't reference blocks on the other side, effectively creating a demarcation line in each frame.

In April 2010, the x264 project announced full Blu-ray compliant video encoding capability making x264 the first free Blu-ray compliant software H.264 encoder.[17] x264 has always had the ability to create video streams that are playable on most Blu-ray devices. However, it was up to the user to choose appropriate conversion settings. The default x264 preset chooses adequate compatibility for Blu-ray players but it is now possible to choose more complex conversion settings while simply maintaining compatibility by explicitly enabling Blu-ray compatibility mode. Blu-ray compatibility can be useful when striving for cross device compatibility, especially in the realm of high definition hardware media players.

x264 has been used to author commercial Blu-ray Disc titles released by Warner Bros.[18]

Tandberg controversy

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In November 2010, Fiona Glaser, an x264 developer, published information in which she claims that one of Tandberg Telecom's (a Cisco Systems subsidiary) patent applications from December 2008 contains a step-by-step description of an algorithm she committed to the x264 codebase around two months earlier.[19][20] This was relayed by media, which remarked that the company who filed the patent was following the x264 project IRC development channel and was known to the project developers,[21][22] leading to Tandberg claiming that they discovered the algorithm independently.[23]

x264 frontends

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See also

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  • MPEG-4 — A standard of various MPEG formats including video, audio, subtitle, and interaction.
  • Doom9 — A forum for video creation help and technical discussions.
  • x265 — Open source HEVC/H.265 encoder that has licensed the rights to use the x264 source code.

References

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  1. ^ "x264.c · master · VideoLAN / x264 · GitLab". VideoLAN. Retrieved 2021-07-05. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  2. ^ a b c "x264, the best H.264/AVC encoder - VideoLAN". VideoLAN. Retrieved 2021-07-01. In addition to being free to use under the GNU GPL, x264 is also available under a commercial license. Contact x264licensing@videolan.org for more details.
  3. ^ a b "x264". Archived from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
  4. ^ a b "staxrip/staxrip: 🎞 Video encoding GUI for Windows". GitHub. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  5. ^ a b "MeGUI - x264/XviD/lavc/Snow encoder with MP4/MKV/AVI output & audio". 2005-06-18. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  6. ^ a b "Handbrake Details". Handbrake Project. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
  7. ^ a b "FFmpeg General Documentation". FFmpeg Team. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  8. ^ "Variance AQ Megathread (AQ v0.48 update--defaults changed)". 2007-02-15. Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  9. ^ "Psy RDO: Official testing thread (version 0.6 out!)". 2008-05-31. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  10. ^ "x264 "Macroblock Tree Ratecontrol" testing (committed)". 2009-08-03. Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  11. ^ "Third Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison". Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  12. ^ "Fourth Annual MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison". Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  13. ^ "Fifth MSU MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codec Comparison". Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  14. ^ "MSU Sixth MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codecs Comparison". Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  15. ^ "MSU Seventh MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codecs Comparison". Retrieved 2011-05-26.
  16. ^ "MSU Eighth MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Codecs Comparison". Retrieved 2012-06-22.
  17. ^ "Announcing the first free software Blu-ray encoder". 2010-04-25. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  18. ^ "x264 encoded discs — Authoring a professional Blu-ray Disc with x264". Archived from the original on 2020-10-23.
  19. ^ Fiona Glaser (2010-11-25). "Original Tandberg blog post". x264.nl. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-11-28. So why the deja vu? Because this patent application was an exact, step-by-step description of the algorithm I came up with for decimate_score (and later coeff_level_run) in x264 in 2008!
  20. ^ Fiona Glaser (2010-11-25). "Patent skullduggery: Tandberg rips off x264 algorithm". Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  21. ^ "Tandberg coder accused of open source theft". usave.co.uk. 2010-11-26. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  22. ^ "Tandberg rips off an open source project". The Inquirer. 2010-11-26. Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-11-28. Tandberg hardly employed any subtlety. The company has one of its employers following the x264 project's IRC development channel and the guy who registered the patent is known to the X264 project.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  23. ^ "Tandberg illustrates stupidity of software patent policy". ZDNet. 2010-11-27. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  24. ^ "Selecting Codecs and Container Formats". MPlayer. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
  25. ^ "RipBot264 1.16.3 - VideoHelp.com Downloads". Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  26. ^ "TMPGEnc Video Mastering Works 5: New Features". Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  27. ^ "Compiling x264 for ProMedia Xpress" (PDF). Harmonic Inc. 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-22.[permanent dead link]
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