Metropolitan Borough of Westminster

Westminster
Westminster
	; The Old City Hall
	; Westminster within the County of London;
Area
• 1911	2,503 acres (10.13 km2)
• 1961	2,505 acres (10.14 km2)
Population
• 1911	160,261
• 1961	85,735
Density
• 1911	64/acre
• 1961	34/acre
History
• Origin	Liberty of Westminster
• Created	1900
• Abolished	1965
• Succeeded by	London Borough of Westminster
Status	Metropolitan borough; City (1900–1965); Civil parish (1922–1965)
Government	Westminster City Council
• HQ	Westminster City Hall, Charing Cross Road WC2
• Motto	Custodi Civitatem Domine (O Lord, watch over the City)
	; Coat of arms of Westminster City Council;
	Map of boundary

The Metropolitan Borough of Westminster was a metropolitan borough in the County of London, England, from 1900 to 1965.

City status

By royal charter dated 29 October 1900, the borough was granted the title City of Westminster. Westminster had originally been created a city and seat of the short-lived Diocese of Westminster in 1541. The diocese was suppressed in 1550, but the area was still known as a "city", although without official sanction.

Arms and motto

The arms of Westminster represent two monarchs, closely associated with the City. Edward the Confessor, who rebuilt the church of St Peter (Westminster Abbey), and Henry VII, who added a chapel, within the Abbey. The portcullis and rose emblems are derived from the Tudor dynasty, from which Westminster first achieved its status; and they appear throughout many public and religious buildings in Westminster, and the portcullis was adopted by the House of Commons. The supporting lions are adopted from the Cecil family, who have had a long association with the borough. The arms were first granted in 1601.

The motto Custodi Civitatem Domine, is translated as O Lord, watch over the City.^[2]

The arms can still be seen on the Portland stone parapet of the Old City Hall in Charing Cross Road (built in 1890–91 by Robert Walker, replacing an earlier vestry hall).^[3] It can also be seen on the entrance to the car park beneath 10 Spring Gardens (home of the British Council) and on Chelsea and Hammersmith Bridges.

Formation and boundaries

It consisted of the area that is now part of the City of Westminster and south of Oxford Street and Bayswater Road. It included Soho, Mayfair, St. James's, The Strand, Westminster, Pimlico, Belgravia, and Hyde Park.

The borough was formed from eleven civil parishes and extra-parochial places: Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter, Liberty of the Rolls, Precinct of the Savoy, St Anne Soho, St Clement Danes, St George Hanover Square, St James Piccadilly, St Martin in the Fields, St Mary-le-Strand, St Paul Covent Garden and Westminster St Margaret and St John. These eleven were combined into a single civil parish called City of Westminster, which was conterminous with the metropolitan borough, in 1922.^[4]

Previous to the borough's formation it had been administered by five separate local bodies: the Vestry of St George Hanover Square, the Vestry of St Martin in the Fields, Strand District Board of Works, Westminster District Board of Works and the Vestry of Westminster St James. The Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter had not been under the control of any local authority prior to 1900.^[5]

Population and area

The borough covered 2,503 acres (10.1 km²). The population recorded in the Census was:

Constituent parishes 1801–1899

Population	160,759	168,657	189,543	209,229	229,473	244,531	257,232	248,714	229,784	198,871
Year^[6]	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891

Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961

Population	183,011	160,261	141,578	129,579	^[8]	99,048	85,735
Year^[7]	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961

Politics

The borough was divided into fourteen wards for elections: Charing Cross, Conduit, Covent Garden, Great Marlborough, Grosvenor, Hamlet of Knightsbridge, Knightsbridge St George's, Pall Mall, Regent, St Anne, St John, St Margaret, Strand and Victoria.^[9]^[10]

Borough council

Parliament constituency

For elections to Parliament, the borough was divided into three constituencies:

In 1918 the borough's representation was reduced to two seats:

In 1950 the borough's representation was reduced to half a seat, when it was merged with the City of London:

Cities of London and Westminster

Poor law

The parishes which made up the borough were within the St George's, Strand and Westminster unions. The unions were amalgamated in 1913 to form the City of Westminster Union. The parishes and unions were then abolished in 1922 and replaced with a single City of Westminster parish for poor law purposes. The parish continued to exist until 1965, but ceased to have any role in the administration of the poor law in 1930 when responsibility transferred to the London County Council.

Replacement

It was abolished in 1965 and its area became part of the City of Westminster along with the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington and the Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vision of Britain – Westminster population^{[permanent dead link]} (area^{[permanent dead link]} and density)
^ Civic Heraldry accessed 20 Jun 2007
^ Hibbert, Christopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 149. ISBN 978-1405049245.
^ GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, City of Westminster CP through time | Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, A Vision of Britain through Time. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10235583 Date accessed: 19 February 2015
^ Frederic A Youngs Jr., Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume I:Southern England, London, 1979
^ Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV); Census tables for Metropolitan Borough of Westminster
^ GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Westminster MetB through time | Population Statistics | Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10135576/cube/TOT_POP Date accessed: 19 February 2015
^ The census was suspended for World War II
^ Post Office London County Suburbs Directory, 1919. 1919. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
^ Ordnance Survey 'County Series 3rd Edition' Map of London (1912-14) at 1:2500 scale. Accessed at https://www.old-maps.co.uk/

External links

Metropolitan Borough of Westminster at Vision of Britain
"Westminster" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

51°29′56″N 0°08′17″W / 51.499°N 0.138°W / 51.499; -0.138

[vision_pop-1] Vision of Britain – Westminster population^{[permanent dead link]} (area^{[permanent dead link]} and density)

[2] Civic Heraldry accessed 20 Jun 2007

[3] Hibbert, Christopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 149. ISBN 978-1405049245.

[4] GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, City of Westminster CP through time | Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, A Vision of Britain through Time. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10235583 Date accessed: 19 February 2015

[5] Frederic A Youngs Jr., Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume I:Southern England, London, 1979

[6] Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV); Census tables for Metropolitan Borough of Westminster

[7] GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Westminster MetB through time | Population Statistics | Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10135576/cube/TOT_POP Date accessed: 19 February 2015

[8] The census was suspended for World War II

[9] Post Office London County Suburbs Directory, 1919. 1919. Retrieved 18 February 2015.

[10] Ordnance Survey 'County Series 3rd Edition' Map of London (1912-14) at 1:2500 scale. Accessed at https://www.old-maps.co.uk/

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v t e Local government districts abolished or transferred by the London Government Act 1963
London CC	Battersea Bermondsey Bethnal Green Camberwell Chelsea Deptford Finsbury Fulham Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith Hampstead Holborn Islington Kensington Lambeth Lewisham Paddington Poplar Shoreditch Southwark St. Marylebone St. Pancras Stepney Stoke Newington Wandsworth Westminster Woolwich	Constituent parts of Greater London
Essex	Barking Chigwell (part) Chingford Dagenham East Ham Hornchurch Ilford Leyton Romford Walthamstow Wanstead and Woodford West Ham
Hertfordshire	Barnet East Barnet
Middlesex, CC	Acton Brentford and Chiswick Ealing Edmonton Enfield Feltham Finchley Friern Barnet Harrow Hayes and Harlington Hendon Heston and Isleworth Hornsey Ruislip-Northwood Southall Southgate Tottenham Twickenham Uxbridge Wembley Willesden Wood Green Yiewsley and West Drayton
Kent	Beckenham Bexley Bromley Chislehurst and Sidcup Crayford Erith Orpington Penge
Surrey	Barnes Beddington and Wallington Carshalton Coulsdon and Purley Croydon Kingston-upon-Thames Malden and Coombe Merton and Morden Mitcham Sutton and Cheam Surbiton Richmond Wimbledon
Transfers	Middlesex to Hertfordshire: Potters Bar Middlesex to Surrey: Staines Sunbury-on-Thames

v t e History of the formation of the City of Westminster
Metropolitan boroughs	St Marylebone Paddington Westminster
District boards	Strand Westminster
Parishes	Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter Liberty of the Rolls Precinct of the Savoy St Anne Within the Liberty of Westminster St Clement Danes St George Hanover Square St Martin-in-the-Fields St Mary le Strand St Paul Covent Garden Westminster St James Westminster St Margaret and St John
Liberties	The Savoy Westminster